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Meningitis

Generalities
Agent There are several agents causing meningitis.
1) Main Bacteria:
- Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y.
- Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection.
- Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes.
- Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups)
- Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped
- Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis…
2) Virus:
- Mumps
- Measles
- West Nile virus: a Flavivirus
- Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3)
- Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae
- Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus
- Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus
- Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group
-Other virus: arboviruses…
3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility varies with the agent
Reservoir varies with the agent
Modes of transmission varies with the agent
Clinical presentation varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis
MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis
MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b
MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms - Meningitis reporting form
- Meningitis investigation form
Data - Weekly report
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
B01AB05 ENOMEX BioTech Enoxaparin sodium - 6000U Anti-Xa/0.6ml 6000U Anti-Xa/0.6ml Injectable solution 922,772 L.L
B01AB05 ENOXA MEDIS BioTech Enoxaparin sodium - 6,000U Anti-Xa/0.6ml 6,000U Anti-Xa/0.6ml Injectable solution 765,990 L.L
B01AB05 ENOXAMED BioTech Enoxaparin sodium - 6000IU Anti-XA/0.6ml 6000IU Anti-XA/0.6ml Injectable solution 765,990 L.L
B01AB05 ENOXAMED BioTech Enoxaparin sodium - 6000IU Anti-XA/0.6ml 6000IU Anti-XA/0.6ml Injectable solution 3,637,782 L.L
B01AB05 ENOXAPARIN LEDRAXEN BioTech Enoxaparin sodium - 6000UI (60mg)/0.6ml 6000UI (60mg)/0.6ml Injectable solution 854,684 L.L
B01AB05 LOVENOX BioTech Enoxaparin sodium - 6000UI (60mg)/0.6ml 6000UI (60mg)/0.6ml Injectable solution 1,085,825 L.L
B01AB05 PARINOX 60 BioTech Enoxaparin sodium - 6000IU (60mg)/0.6ml 6000IU (60mg)/0.6ml Injectable solution 438,989 L.L
B01AB05 ENOMEX BioTech Enoxaparin sodium - 2000U Anti-Xa/0.2ml 2000U Anti-Xa/0.2ml Injectable solution 396,754 L.L
B01AB05 ENOXA MEDIS BioTech Enoxaparin sodium - 2,000U Anti-Xa/0.2ml 2,000U Anti-Xa/0.2ml Injectable solution 388,370 L.L
B01AB05 ENOXAMED BioTech Enoxaparin sodium - 2000IU Anti-XA/0.2ml 2000IU Anti-XA/0.2ml Injectable solution 1,105,982 L.L
B01AB05 ENOXAMED BioTech Enoxaparin sodium - 2000IU Anti-XA/0.2ml 2000IU Anti-XA/0.2ml Injectable solution 388,370 L.L
B01AB05 LOVENOX BioTech Enoxaparin sodium - 2,000UI (20mg)/0.2ml 2,000UI (20mg)/0.2ml Injectable solution 467,657 L.L
B01AB05 PARINOX 20 BioTech Enoxaparin sodium - 2000IU (20mg)/0.2ml 2000IU (20mg)/0.2ml Injectable solution 188,138 L.L
B01AB05 ENOXAMED BioTech Enoxaparin sodium - 10000IU Anti-XA/1ml 10000IU Anti-XA/1ml Injectable solution 1,209,458 L.L
B01AB01 HEPARINE MEDIS G Heparin sodium - 25,000UI/5ml 25,000UI/5ml Injectable solution 6,853,597 L.L
B01AB01 HEPARINE SODIQUE PANPHARMA G Heparin sodium - 25,000IU/5ml 25,000IU/5ml Injectable solution 6,134,641 L.L
B01AA07 SINTROM B Acenocoumarol - 4mg 4mg Tablet 490,183 L.L
A16AX BICANORM G Sodium bicarbonate - 1000mg 1000mg Tablet, gastroresistant 2,623,181 L.L
A16AB07 MYOZYME BioTech Alglucosidase alfa, recombinant human acid - 50mg 50mg Injectable powder for concentrate for solution L.L
A16AB07 MYOZYME BioTech Alglucosidase alfa, recombinant human acid - 50mg 50mg Injectable powder for concentrate for solution 54,382,728 L.L
A16AB05 ALDURAZYME B Laronidase - 100U/ml 100U/ml Injectable concentrate for solution 57,138,680 L.L
A16AB04 FABRAZYME BioTech Agalsidase beta - 35mg 35mg Injectable powder for concentrate for solution L.L
A16AB04 FABRAZYME BioTech Agalsidase beta - 35mg 35mg Injectable powder for concentrate for solution 295,038,213 L.L
A16AB02 CEREZYME B Imiglucerase - 400IU 400IU Injectable lyophilised powder for solution L.L
A16AB02 CEREZYME B Imiglucerase - 400IU 400IU Injectable lyophilised powder for solution 128,412,818 L.L
A15A DYNAMOGEN G Arginine Aspartate - 1g/10ml, Glutodine (Cyproheptadine ?-ketoglutarate) - 3mg/10ml Solution 1,019,976 L.L
A15 DESARROL G Cyproheptadine HCl - 0.2mg/ml, L-Arginine L-Aspartate - 25mg/ml, L-Carnitine - 50mg/ml Solution 1,007,882 L.L
A13A POTENCIATOR G Arginine Aspartate - 5g/10ml 5g Solution 1,402,972 L.L
A12CX PHOSPHATE DIPOTASSIQUE RENAUDIN G Phosphate dipotassique - 174.20mg/ml 174.20mg/ml Injectable solution 1,189,301 L.L
A12CC MAGNE B6 B Pyridoxine HCl - 5mg, Magnesium lactate dihydrate - 470mg Tablet, coated 365,525 L.L
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