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Meningitis

Generalities
Agent There are several agents causing meningitis.
1) Main Bacteria:
- Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y.
- Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection.
- Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes.
- Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups)
- Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped
- Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis…
2) Virus:
- Mumps
- Measles
- West Nile virus: a Flavivirus
- Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3)
- Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae
- Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus
- Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus
- Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group
-Other virus: arboviruses…
3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility varies with the agent
Reservoir varies with the agent
Modes of transmission varies with the agent
Clinical presentation varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis
MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis
MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b
MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms - Meningitis reporting form
- Meningitis investigation form
Data - Weekly report
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
B02BD02 ESPEROCT BioTech Turoctocog Alfa pegol (recombinant coagulation factor VIII) - 500IU/Vial 500IU/Vial Injectable powder for solution+diluent 38,126,657 L.L
B03BA01 COBAL G Vitamin B12 - 500mcg 500mcg Tablet, coated 486,471 L.L
C01CA06 PHENYLEPHRINE AGUETTANT G Phenylephrine - 500mcg/10ml 500mcg/10ml Injectable solution 11,464,796 L.L
R03BB01 ATROVENT B Ipratropium bromide - 500mcg/2ml 500mcg/2ml Inhaltion solution with nebuliser 713,580 L.L
B03BA05 COBAL G Mecobalamine - 500mcg/ml 500mcg/ml Injectable solution 1,128,828 L.L
C01EA01 PROSTIN VR B Alprostadil - 500mcg/ml 500mcg/ml Injectable concentrated solution 19,894,577 L.L
J01FA10 AZICIN 500 BENTA G Azithromycin - 500mg 500mg Tablet, film coated 573,373 L.L
J01FA10 AZIFAST 500 G Azithromycin - 500mg 500mg Tablet, film coated 573,373 L.L
C02AB02 ALDOMET B Methyldopa - 500mg 500mg Tablet, coated 824,074 L.L
J01FA10 AZM-500 G Azithromycin - 500mg 500mg Tablet, film coated 448,843 L.L
J01FA10 ZITHROFORTE G Azithromycin (dihydrate) - 500mg 500mg Tablet, film coated 485,127 L.L
L02BX03 ZYTIGA B Abiraterone acetate - 500mg 500mg Tablet, film coated 69,627,132 L.L
L02BX03 ABLAX 500 G Abiraterone acetate - 500mg 500mg Tablet 45,056,853 L.L
L02BX03 APO-ABIRATERONE G Abiraterone acetate - 500mg 500mg Tablet, film coated 46,110,590 L.L
L02BX03 TEROPROS G Abiraterone acetate - 500mg 500mg Tablet, film coated 45,489,064 L.L
J01MA02 CIPROBAY B Ciprofloxacine (HCl) - 500mg 500mg Tablet, film coated 654,451 L.L
J01MA02 BACTALL 500 G Ciprofloxacine (HCl) - 500mg 500mg Tablet, film coated 292,958 L.L
J01MA02 CIPRO G Ciprofloxacin - 500mg 500mg Tablet, film coated 436,749 L.L
J01MA02 CIPROCIN G Ciprofloxacine (HCl) - 500mg 500mg Tablet, film-scored 240,548 L.L
J01MA02 CIPRODAR G Ciprofloxacine (HCl) - 500mg 500mg Tablet, film coated 392,402 L.L
J01MA02 CIPROFAR G Ciprofloxacine (HCl) - 500mg 500mg Tablet, film-scored 241,892 L.L
J01MA02 CIPROLON 500 G Ciprofloxacine (HCl) - 500mg 500mg Tablet, film coated 295,645 L.L
J01MA02 CIPROMAX G Ciprofloxacine (HCl) - 500mg 500mg Tablet, film coated 392,402 L.L
J01MA02 CIPROMID G Ciprofloxacine (HCl) - 500mg 500mg Tablet, film coated 331,929 L.L
J01MA02 CIPROPHARM G Ciprofloxacine (HCl) - 500mg 500mg Tablet, film-scored 354,774 L.L
J01MA02 ESTECINA 500MG G Ciprofloxacine (HCl) - 500mg 500mg Tablet, film coated 618,168 L.L
J01MA02 LADININ G Ciprofloxacine (HCl) - 500mg 500mg Tablet, film coated 572,393 L.L
J01MA02 SUPERFLOX G Ciprofloxacine (HCl) - 500mg 500mg Tablet, film-scored 458,250 L.L
M01AE02 PROXEN 500 B Naproxen - 500mg 500mg Tablet, film coated 841,245 L.L
M01AE02 NOPAIN DS G Naproxen (sodium) - 500mg 500mg Tablet, film coated 235,172 L.L
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