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Meningitis

Generalities
Agent There are several agents causing meningitis.
1) Main Bacteria:
- Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y.
- Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection.
- Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes.
- Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups)
- Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped
- Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis…
2) Virus:
- Mumps
- Measles
- West Nile virus: a Flavivirus
- Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3)
- Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae
- Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus
- Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus
- Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group
-Other virus: arboviruses…
3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility varies with the agent
Reservoir varies with the agent
Modes of transmission varies with the agent
Clinical presentation varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis
MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis
MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b
MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms - Meningitis reporting form
- Meningitis investigation form
Data - Weekly report
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
J05AB16 FLEXIVIR G Remdesivir - 50mg 50mg Injectable lyophilised powder for solution 4,837,833 L.L
L01XX02 ERWINASE BioTech Erwinia L-asparaginase - 10,000IU 10,000IU Injectable lyophilised powder for solution 444,434,845 L.L
L01DC01 BLEOCIN B Bleomycin (sulfate) - 15U 15U Injectable lyophilised powder for solution 2,109,833 L.L
J01AA12 TYGACIL B Tigecycline - 50mg 50mg Injectable lyophilised powder for solution 25,356,524 L.L
J01AA12 TAGIX G Tigecycline - 50mg 50mg Injectable lyophilised powder for solution 2,436,386 L.L
L01BC07 VIDAZA B Azacitidine - 100mg 100mg Injectable lyophilised powder L.L
A02BC01 IPPROTON G Omeprazole - 40mg 40mg Injectable lyophilised powder 6,533,762 L.L
L01BA04 PEMETREXED GP PHARM G Pemetrexed (disodium) - 500mg 500mg Injectable lyophilised powder 46,641,484 L.L
J01XA02 TEICO MEDIS 400 G Teicoplanin - 400mg 400mg Injectable lyophilised powder 1,157,048 L.L
J01XA02 TEICO MEDIS 200 G Teicoplanin - 200mg 200mg Injectable lyophilised powder 428,686 L.L
L01FD01 OGIVRI BioTech Trastuzumab - 440mg 440mg Injectable lyophilised powder 80,027,615 L.L
L01FD01 TRASTUREL BioTech Trastuzumab - 440mg 440mg Injectable lyophilised powder 52,047,114 L.L
L01BC05 HAXANIT G Gemcitabine (HCl) - 200mg 200mg Injectable lyophilised powder 1,411,035 L.L
L01BC05 HAXANIT G Gemcitabine (HCl) - 1g 1g Injectable lyophilised powder 6,829,408 L.L
L01BC07 VIDAZA B Azacitidine - 100mg 100mg Injectable lyophilised powder 15,158,791 L.L
L01BC07 AZACITIDINE NEAPOLIS G Azacitidine - 100mg 100mg Injectable lyophilised powder 9,401,575 L.L
L01BC07 ZYDROME G Azacitidine - 100mg 100mg Injectable lyophilised powder 10,967,854 L.L
J05AB01 LOVRAK-JULPHAR G Aciclovir - 250mg 250mg Injectable lyophilised powder 278,175 L.L
L01XA03 OXALTIE G Oxaliplatin - 50mg 50mg Injectable lyophilised powder 2,957,797 L.L
L01XG01 BORCADE G Bortezomib - 3.5mg 3.5mg Injectable lyophilised powder 11,020,381 L.L
L01XG01 BORCADE G Bortezomib - 3.5mg 3.5mg Injectable lyophilised powder 11,020,381 L.L
J01XA01 VANCO MEDIS G Vancomycin - 1g 1g Injectable lyophilisate for solution 1,276,650 L.L
B03XA01 HEMAX BioTech Erythropoietin recombinant human (Epoetin alfa) - 4,000IU 4,000IU Injectable freeze dried substance+diluent 940,690 L.L
B03XA01 HEMAX BioTech Erythropoietin recombinant human (Epoetin alfa) - 4,000IU 4,000IU Injectable freeze dried substance+diluent 33,852,747 L.L
B03XA01 HEMAX BioTech Erythropoietin recombinant human (Epoetin alfa) - 10,000IU 10,000IU Injectable freeze dried substance+diluent 2,490,140 L.L
J05AB01 ZOVIRAX IV B Aciclovir - 250mg 250mg Injectable freeze dried substance 2,146,116 L.L
J07AH MENFIVE G Meningococcal (serogroups A, C, Y, W, X) Polysaccharide conjugate vaccine - Injectable freeze dried powder + diluent 3,527,587 L.L
J07BD52 MEASLES, MUMPS AND RUBELLA VACCINE LIVE ATTENUATED (FREEZE-DRIED) MMR G Rubella virus live attenuated - ?1000CCID50 /0.5ml, Mumps virus live attenuated - ?5000CCID50 /0.5ml, Measles virus live attenuated - ?1000CCID50 /0.5ml Injectable freeze dried powder + diluent 739,113 L.L
B02BD04 OCTANINE F BioHuman Plasma coagulation factor IX, human - 500IU 500IU Injectable freeze dried powder + diluent 31,425,075 L.L
H01AC01 HHT BioTech Somatropin recombinant - 16IU (5.32mg) 16IU (5.32mg) Injectable freeze dried powder + diluent 4,078,562 L.L
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