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Meningitis

Generalities
Agent There are several agents causing meningitis.
1) Main Bacteria:
- Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y.
- Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection.
- Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes.
- Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups)
- Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped
- Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis…
2) Virus:
- Mumps
- Measles
- West Nile virus: a Flavivirus
- Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3)
- Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae
- Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus
- Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus
- Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group
-Other virus: arboviruses…
3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility varies with the agent
Reservoir varies with the agent
Modes of transmission varies with the agent
Clinical presentation varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis
MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis
MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b
MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms - Meningitis reporting form
- Meningitis investigation form
Data - Weekly report
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
C10AA05 LIPONORM G Atorvastatin (calcium) - 40mg 40mg Tablet, film coated 1,491,665 L.L
A02BC01 ESELAN G Omeprazole (sodium) - 40mg 40mg Injectable lyophilised powder for solution 2,073,549 L.L
C10AA05 LORVAST G Atorvastatin (calcium) - 40mg 40mg Tablet, film coated 1,253,805 L.L
A02BC01 IPPROTON G Omeprazole - 40mg 40mg Injectable lyophilised powder 6,533,762 L.L
C10AA05 ORBALIP G Atorvastatin (calcium) - 40mg 40mg Tablet 1,405,275 L.L
A02BC01 LOZICARE G Omeprazole - 40mg 40mg Injectable powder for solution 12,446,972 L.L
C09CA03 VIOSTAN 40 G Valsartan - 40mg 40mg Tablet, film coated 526,786 L.L
C10AA05 ORVASTA G Atorvastatin - 40mg 40mg Tablet, film coated 1,170,487 L.L
A02BC01 OMEPRAZOLE ARROW G Omeprazole - 40mg 40mg Injectable powder for solution 454,219 L.L
C10AA05 TARDELIP G Atorvastatin - 40mg 40mg Tablet, film coated 1,055,876 L.L
A02BC01 OMEPRAZOLE VIANEX G Omeprazole (sodium) - 40mg 40mg Injectable powder for solution+diluent 467,657 L.L
C10AA05 TARDEN G Atorvastatin (calcium) - 40mg 40mg Tablet, film coated 1,055,876 L.L
A02BC01 OMEPRAZOLE-ORBUCELL G Omeprazole (sodium) - 40mg 40mg Injectable solution 3,839,550 L.L
C10AA05 TORVACOL 40 G Atorvastatin (calcium) - 40mg 40mg Tablet, coated 2,363,819 L.L
A02BC01 RISEK G Omeprazole (sodium) - 40mg 40mg Injectable lyophilised powder for solution 592,635 L.L
C10AA05 TORVALIP 40 G Atorvastatin (calcium) - 40mg 40mg Tablet, film coated 1,164,664 L.L
A02BC01 ULCAZAL G Omeprazole (sodium) - 40mg 40mg Injectable sterile lyophilised powder for solution 895,895 L.L
C10AA05 TOVAST G Atorvastatin (calcium) - 40mg 40mg Tablet, film coated 2,412,197 L.L
A02BC01 ULCAZAL G Omeprazole (sodium) - 40mg 40mg Injectable sterile lyophilised powder for solution 5,916,747 L.L
A02BC02 GASTROPAN G Pantoprazole (sodium) - 40mg 40mg Tablet, enteric coated 1,104,639 L.L
A02BC02 GASTROPAN G Pantoprazole (sodium) - 40mg 40mg Tablet, enteric coated 581,884 L.L
A02BC02 PANTO TAD G Pantoprazole (sodium) - 40mg 40mg Tablet, gastroresistant 470,345 L.L
A02BC02 PANTOMAX G Pantoprazole (sodium sesquihydrate) - 40mg 40mg Tablet, enteric coated 771,366 L.L
A02BC02 PANTOMAX G Pantoprazole (sodium sesquihydrate) - 40mg 40mg Tablet, enteric coated 1,381,470 L.L
A02BC02 PANTOVER G Pantoprazole (sodium sesquihydrate) - 40mg 40mg Tablet, enteric coated 739,113 L.L
A02BC02 RAZON 40 G Pantoprazole (sodium) - 40mg 40mg Tablet, enteric coated 727,019 L.L
A02BC02 RAZON 40 G Pantoprazole (sodium) - 40mg 40mg Tablet, enteric coated 1,252,461 L.L
A02BC02 LUGANOR G Pantoprazole - 40mg 40mg Injectable lyophilised powder for solution 463,050 L.L
A02BC02 LUGANOR G Pantoprazole - 40mg 40mg Injectable lyophilised powder for solution 4,146,714 L.L
A02BC02 PANTONIX-JULPHAR G Pantoprazole - 40mg 40mg Injectable powder for solution 260,705 L.L
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