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Meningitis

Generalities
Agent There are several agents causing meningitis.
1) Main Bacteria:
- Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y.
- Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection.
- Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes.
- Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups)
- Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped
- Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis…
2) Virus:
- Mumps
- Measles
- West Nile virus: a Flavivirus
- Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3)
- Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae
- Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus
- Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus
- Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group
-Other virus: arboviruses…
3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility varies with the agent
Reservoir varies with the agent
Modes of transmission varies with the agent
Clinical presentation varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis
MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis
MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b
MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms - Meningitis reporting form
- Meningitis investigation form
Data - Weekly report
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
C09CA07 MICARDIS B Telmisartan - 40mg 40mg Tablet 760,615 L.L
C09CA07 TELMICARD 40 G Telmisartan - 40mg 40mg Tablet 659,123 L.L
C09CA07 TOLURA G Telmisartan - 40mg 40mg Tablet 532,162 L.L
L04AB04 ABRILADA BioTech Adalimumab - 40mg 40mg Injectable solution 40,259,574 L.L
L04AB04 ABRILADA BioTech Adalimumab - 40mg 40mg Injectable solution 40,259,574 L.L
A02BC02 LUGANOR G Pantoprazole - 40mg 40mg Injectable lyophilised powder for solution 463,050 L.L
L04AB04 ADALIREL BioTech Adalimumab - 40mg 40mg Injectable solution 15,102,158 L.L
A02BC02 LUGANOR G Pantoprazole - 40mg 40mg Injectable lyophilised powder for solution 4,146,714 L.L
A02BC02 PANTONIX-JULPHAR G Pantoprazole - 40mg 40mg Injectable powder for solution 260,705 L.L
A02BC02 PANTOPRAZOL SALA G Pantoprazole (sodium) - 40mg 40mg Injectable powder for solution 503,941 L.L
L04AB04 HYRIMOZ BioTech Adalimumab - 40mg 40mg Injectable solution 27,521,893 L.L
L04AB04 HYRIMOZ BioTech Adalimumab - 40mg 40mg Injectable solution 27,521,893 L.L
C10AA07 CRESTOR B Rosuvastatin (calcium) - 40mg 40mg Tablet, film coated 804,962 L.L
D10BA01 CONTRACNE ISOTRETINOINE G Isotretinoin - 40mg 40mg Capsule, soft 3,043,803 L.L
C05CX TANAKAN B Ginkgo biloba - 40mg 40mg Tablet, film coated 600,698 L.L
C10AA07 APO-ROSUVASTATIN G Rosuvastatin (calcium) - 40mg 40mg Tablet 670,577 L.L
D10BA01 CURACNE G Isotretinoin - 40mg 40mg Capsule, soft gelatin 3,553,120 L.L
C05CX TANAKAN B Ginkgo biloba - 40mg 40mg Tablet, film coated 1,662,333 L.L
C10AA07 ROSUCOR G Rosuvastatin (calcium) - 40mg 40mg Tablet, film coated 487,623 L.L
D10BA01 CURACNE G Isotretinoin - 40mg 40mg Capsule, soft gelatin 3,553,120 L.L
C05CX GINKGO BIOGARAN G Ginkgo biloba extract - 40mg 40mg Tablet, coated 345,368 L.L
C10AA07 ROSUPHAR G Rosuvastatin (calcium) - 40mg 40mg Tablet, film coated 487,623 L.L
C05CX GINKGO BIOGARAN G Ginkgo biloba extract - 40mg 40mg Tablet, coated 985,037 L.L
C10AA07 ROXARDIO G Rosuvastatin (calcium) - 40mg 40mg Tablet, film coated 720,525 L.L
C09CA08 OLMETEC B Olmesartan medoxomil - 40mg 40mg Tablet, film coated 920,532 L.L
C09CA08 VOTUM B Olmesartan medoxomil - 40mg 40mg Tablet, film coated 1,032,071 L.L
C09CA08 VOTUM B Olmesartan medoxomil - 40mg 40mg Tablet, film coated 1,032,071 L.L
C09CA08 OLMENOR G Olmesartan medoxomil - 40mg 40mg Tablet, film coated 721,643 L.L
C07AA05 APO-PROPRANOLOL G Propranolol HCl - 40mg 40mg Tablet, scored 356,118 L.L
C09CA09 EDARBI B Azilsartan medoxomil - 40mg 40mg Tablet 1,846,440 L.L
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