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Meningitis

Generalities
Agent There are several agents causing meningitis.
1) Main Bacteria:
- Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y.
- Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection.
- Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes.
- Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups)
- Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped
- Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis…
2) Virus:
- Mumps
- Measles
- West Nile virus: a Flavivirus
- Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3)
- Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae
- Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus
- Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus
- Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group
-Other virus: arboviruses…
3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility varies with the agent
Reservoir varies with the agent
Modes of transmission varies with the agent
Clinical presentation varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis
MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis
MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b
MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms - Meningitis reporting form
- Meningitis investigation form
Data - Weekly report
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
J01XD02 PROTOGYN G Tinidazole - 500mg 500mg Tablet, film coated 223,078 L.L
C10AA07 PREVAST 20-IPS G Rosuvastatin (calcium) - 20mg 20mg Tablet, film coated 639,925 L.L
G04CB01 STERIBO G Finasteride - 1mg 1mg Tablet, film coated 2,636,619 L.L
N06DX01 MEMANTINE ARROW LAB G Memantine HCl - 20mg 20mg Tablet, film coated 1,342,499 L.L
C10AA07 LIPIROSE OBP 20 G Rosuvastatin (calcium) - 20mg 20mg Tablet, film coated 639,925 L.L
N02CC01 IMIGRAN B Sumatriptan (succinate) - 100mg 100mg Tablet, film coated 616,824 L.L
N06DX01 MEMORA G Memantine HCl - 20mg 20mg Tablet, film coated 1,593,413 L.L
C10AA07 ROSUPHAR G Rosuvastatin (calcium) - 20mg 20mg Tablet, film coated 487,623 L.L
N02CC01 SUMAREX G Sumatriptan (succinate) - 100mg 100mg Tablet, film coated 1,088,512 L.L
C10AA07 UBSATOR-CA G Rosuvastatin (calcium) - 20mg 20mg Tablet, film coated 499,142 L.L
M03BC51 MUSCEROL 3 G Paracetamol - 450mg, Orphenadrine citrate - 35mg, Ibuprofen - 200mg Tablet, film coated 593,850 L.L
N02CC01 IMIGRAN B Sumatriptan (succinate) - 50mg 50mg Tablet, film coated 378,964 L.L
C10AA07 CRESTOR B Rosuvastatin (calcium) - 40mg 40mg Tablet, film coated 804,962 L.L
M03BX DORIXINA RELAX B Lysine clonixinate - 125mg, Cyclobenzaprine HCl - 5mg Tablet, film coated 581,884 L.L
N02CC03 ZOLMITRIPTAN ARROW GENERIGUES G Zolmitriptan - 2.5mg 2.5mg Tablet, film coated 1,726,838 L.L
C05CA03 DIOVENOR 600 B Diosmin - 600mg 600mg Tablet, film coated 1,089,856 L.L
C09CA08 VOTUM B Olmesartan medoxomil - 10mg 10mg Tablet, film coated 753,896 L.L
C09CA08 VOTUM B Olmesartan medoxomil - 10mg 10mg Tablet, film coated 753,896 L.L
C10AA07 ROSUCOR G Rosuvastatin (calcium) - 40mg 40mg Tablet, film coated 487,623 L.L
N02CC03 ZOLMITRIPTAN ARROW GENERIGUES G Zolmitriptan - 2.5mg 2.5mg Tablet, film coated 857,372 L.L
C02KX04 OPSUMIT B Macitentan - 10mg 10mg Tablet, film coated L.L
C09CA08 OLMETEC B Olmesartan medoxomil - 10mg 10mg Tablet, film coated 710,893 L.L
C10AA07 ROXARDIO G Rosuvastatin (calcium) - 40mg 40mg Tablet, film coated 682,094 L.L
C09CA08 OLMENOR G Olmesartan medoxomil - 10mg 10mg Tablet, film coated 526,786 L.L
C10AA07 ROSUPHAR G Rosuvastatin (calcium) - 40mg 40mg Tablet, film coated 487,623 L.L
C05CA53 DAFLON B Hesperidin - 50mg, Diosmin - 450mg Tablet, film coated 627,574 L.L
C09CA08 VOTUM B Olmesartan medoxomil - 20mg 20mg Tablet, film coated 954,128 L.L
M03BX04 MYDOCALM B Tolperisone - 150mg 150mg Tablet, film coated 839,902 L.L
N02CC05 ALMOVITAE G Almotriptan - 12.5mg 12.5mg Tablet, film coated 1,148,985 L.L
C05CA53 DAFLON B Hesperidin - 50mg, Diosmin - 450mg Tablet, film coated 1,191,988 L.L
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