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Meningitis

Generalities
Agent There are several agents causing meningitis.
1) Main Bacteria:
- Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y.
- Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection.
- Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes.
- Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups)
- Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped
- Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis…
2) Virus:
- Mumps
- Measles
- West Nile virus: a Flavivirus
- Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3)
- Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae
- Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus
- Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus
- Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group
-Other virus: arboviruses…
3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility varies with the agent
Reservoir varies with the agent
Modes of transmission varies with the agent
Clinical presentation varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis
MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis
MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b
MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms - Meningitis reporting form
- Meningitis investigation form
Data - Weekly report
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
R03AC02 SALBUTAMOL SULFATE G Salbutamol (sulfate) - 2mg 2mg Tablet, scored 401,873 L.L
A06AX05 RESOLOR B Prucalopride succinate - 2mg 2mg Tablet, film coated 5,251,736 L.L
A06AX05 CONSTIPRIDE G Prucalopride succinate - 2mg 2mg Tablet, film coated 2,956,454 L.L
A07DA03 IMODIUM B Loperamide HCl - 2mg 2mg Capsule 138,416 L.L
A07DA03 LOPERAMIDE ARROW LAB G Loperamide HCl - 2mg 2mg Capsule 442,124 L.L
A07DA03 IMODIUM INSTANTS B Loperamide HCl - 2mg 2mg Tablet, orodispersible 451,531 L.L
N05AD01 HALOPERIDOL G Haloperidol - 2mg 2mg Tablet 252,130 L.L
L04AA37 OLUMIANT B Baricitinib - 2mg 2mg Tablet, film coated 68,053,864 L.L
A10BX02 NOVONORM B Repaglinide - 2mg 2mg Tablet 666,546 L.L
A10BX02 REPAGLINIDE ARROW LAB G Repaglinide - 2mg 2mg Tablet 831,839 L.L
L04AA42 MAYZENT B Siponimod - 2mg 2mg Tablet, film coated 124,258,444 L.L
C10AA08 LIVAZO B Pitavastatin - 2mg 2mg Tablet, film coated 1,558,857 L.L
C10AA08 PIVAL G Pitavastatin - 2mg 2mg Tablet 802,466 L.L
M03BX02 SIRDALUD B Tizanidine HCl - 2mg 2mg Tablet 631,148 L.L
N05AX08 RISPERDAL B Risperidone - 2mg 2mg Tablet, film coated 306,396 L.L
N05AX08 RISPERDAL B Risperidone - 2mg 2mg Tablet, film coated 306,396 L.L
N05AX08 DEPIA G Risperidone - 2mg 2mg Tablet, scored 307,164 L.L
N05AX08 PMS-RISPERIDONE G Risperidone - 2mg 2mg Tablet 931,283 L.L
N07BC01 BUPRENORPHINE ARROW G Buprenorphine - 2mg 2mg Tablet 563,070 L.L
N05AX08 RESPAL 2 G Risperidone - 2mg 2mg Caplet, film coated 342,680 L.L
N05AX08 RISPERIDONE BIOGARAN G Risperidone - 2mg 2mg Tablet, coated, scored 1,488,977 L.L
N03AE01 RIVOTRIL B Clonazepam - 2mg 2mg Tablet, scored 503,941 L.L
N05AX08 RISCHOTIC OD 2 G Risperidone - 2mg 2mg Tablet, orally disintegrating 371,157 L.L
L04AX06 IMNOVID B Pomalidomide - 2mg 2mg Capsule, hard 407,188,707 L.L
G03CA03 ESTROFEM B Estradiol (hemihydrate) - 2mg 2mg Tablet, film coated 399,121 L.L
A10BB12 AMARYL B Glimepiride - 2mg 2mg Tablet 233,829 L.L
A10BB12 AMEPRIDE G Glimepiride - 2mg 2mg Tablet 139,760 L.L
A10BB12 DIAMERIL G Glimepiride - 2mg 2mg Tablet 199,657 L.L
N05AX16 REXULTI B Brexpiprazole - 2mg 2mg Tablet, film coated 13,433,051 L.L
A10BB12 GLIM G Glimepiride - 2mg 2mg Tablet 401,809 L.L
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