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Meningitis

Generalities
Agent There are several agents causing meningitis.
1) Main Bacteria:
- Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y.
- Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection.
- Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes.
- Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups)
- Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped
- Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis…
2) Virus:
- Mumps
- Measles
- West Nile virus: a Flavivirus
- Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3)
- Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae
- Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus
- Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus
- Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group
-Other virus: arboviruses…
3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility varies with the agent
Reservoir varies with the agent
Modes of transmission varies with the agent
Clinical presentation varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis
MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis
MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b
MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms - Meningitis reporting form
- Meningitis investigation form
Data - Weekly report
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
L04AX04 REVLIMID B Lenalidomide - 10mg 10mg Capsule 110,200,672 L.L
L04AX04 LEDOBOOK 10 G Lenalidomide - 10mg 10mg Capsule 62,230,245 L.L
L04AX04 LENALIDOMIDE NEAPOLIS G Lenalidomide - 10mg 10mg Capsule 72,248,183 L.L
A03E MEPHIGASTRYL G Belladone powder - 0.005g, Magnesium hydroxide - 0.1g, Meprobamate - 0.1g, Prochlorperazine maleate - 0.01g Capsule 296,925 L.L
L04AX04 LENALIDOMIDE OHRE PHARMA G Lenalidomide - 10mg 10mg Capsule 32,045,727 L.L
L04AX04 LENALIDOMIDE STRAGEN G Lenalidomide - 10mg 10mg Capsule 32,045,727 L.L
C08CA01 AMLOR B Amlodipine besylate - 5mg 5mg Capsule 560,382 L.L
C08CA01 AMLOR B Amlodipine besylate - 5mg 5mg Capsule 560,382 L.L
L04AX04 LIDAMID 10 G Lenalidomide - 10mg 10mg Capsule 75,120,146 L.L
J01DD15 OMNICEF B Cefdinir - 300mg 300mg Capsule 2,238,842 L.L
L04AX04 SOTIRA G Lenalidomide - 10mg 10mg Capsule 72,248,183 L.L
J01DD15 OMNICEF 300 B Cefdinir - 300mg 300mg Capsule 2,238,842 L.L
L04AX04 REVLIMID B Lenalidomide - 15mg 15mg Capsule 116,241,703 L.L
J01DD15 MINOCET G Cefdinir - 300mg 300mg Capsule 1,407,003 L.L
L04AX04 LEDOBOOK 15 G Lenalidomide - 15mg 15mg Capsule 62,230,245 L.L
J01DD15 SEFARIN G Cefdinir - 300mg 300mg Capsule 1,494,353 L.L
L04AX04 LENALIDOMIDE NEAPOLIS G Lenalidomide - 15mg 15mg Capsule 76,209,421 L.L
C08CA01 AMLODAR 5 G Amlodipine (besylate) - 5mg 5mg Capsule 362,837 L.L
J01DD15 XEVANEER G Cefdinir - 300mg 300mg Capsule 1,350,562 L.L
L04AX04 LENALIDOMIDE OHRE PHARMA G Lenalidomide - 15mg 15mg Capsule 32,045,727 L.L
C08CA01 AMLODIPINE ARROW G Amlodipine (besylate) - 5mg 5mg Capsule 462,282 L.L
L04AX04 LENALIDOMIDE STRAGEN G Lenalidomide - 15mg 15mg Capsule 32,045,727 L.L
C08CA01 AMLODIPINE BIOGARAN G Amlodipine (besylate) - 5mg 5mg Capsule 462,282 L.L
C08CA01 AMLOPHAR G Amlodipine (besylate) - 5mg 5mg Capsule 388,370 L.L
L04AX04 LIDAMID 15 G Lenalidomide - 15mg 15mg Capsule 79,238,426 L.L
L04AX04 SOTIRA G Lenalidomide - 15mg 15mg Capsule 76,208,289 L.L
C08CA01 AMOPRO G Amlodipine (besylate) - 5mg 5mg Capsule 362,837 L.L
L04AX04 REVLIMID B Lenalidomide - 25mg 25mg Capsule 127,865,045 L.L
C08CA01 HYPODIPINE 5 G Amlodipine (besylate) - 5mg 5mg Capsule 362,837 L.L
L04AX04 LEDOBOOK 25 G Lenalidomide - 25mg 25mg Capsule 67,887,540 L.L
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