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Meningitis

Generalities
Agent There are several agents causing meningitis.
1) Main Bacteria:
- Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y.
- Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection.
- Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes.
- Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups)
- Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped
- Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis…
2) Virus:
- Mumps
- Measles
- West Nile virus: a Flavivirus
- Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3)
- Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae
- Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus
- Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus
- Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group
-Other virus: arboviruses…
3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility varies with the agent
Reservoir varies with the agent
Modes of transmission varies with the agent
Clinical presentation varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis
MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis
MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b
MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms - Meningitis reporting form
- Meningitis investigation form
Data - Weekly report
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
J01MA12 FLOBIOX G Levofloxacin - 500mg 500mg Tablet, film coated 794,787 L.L
J01MA12 FLOXIN-L 500 G Levofloxacin (hemihydrate) - 500mg 500mg Tablet, film coated 831,903 L.L
M01AE51 FLUMIX BENTA G Ibuprofen - 200mg, Guaifenesin - 200mg, Chlorpheniramine maleate - 2mg, Phenylephrine HCl - 5mg Tablet, film coated 875,417 L.L
M01AE51 FLUMIX BENTA G Ibuprofen - 200mg, Guaifenesin - 200mg, Chlorpheniramine maleate - 2mg, Phenylephrine HCl - 5mg Tablet, film coated 460,746 L.L
J01MA12 FLOBIOX G Levofloxacin - 750mg 750mg Tablet, film coated 945,809 L.L
B03AA02 FEOSTA G Ferrous fumarate - 200mg 200mg Tablet, film coated 682,160 L.L
B03AA02 FEOSTA G Ferrous fumarate - 200mg 200mg Tablet, film coated 9,355,300 L.L
J01MA14 FLOXIMOX G Moxifloxacin (HCl) - 400mg 400mg Tablet, film coated 1,062,276 L.L
B03AD03 FOLIFER G Folic acid - 1mg, Iron bivalent (as dried ferrous sulfate) - 90mg Tablet, film coated 1,408,347 L.L
G04CB01 FINASTEKERN G Finasteride - 5mg 5mg Tablet, film coated 560,382 L.L
G04CB01 FINASTERIDE G Finasteride - 5mg 5mg Tablet, film coated 356,118 L.L
G04CB01 FINASTERIDE ARROW LAB G Finasteride - 5mg 5mg Tablet, film coated 516,036 L.L
G04CB01 FINASTERIDE BAILLEUL G Finasteride - 1mg 1mg Tablet, film coated 1,619,330 L.L
G04CB01 FINASTERIDE BAILLEUL G Finasteride - 1mg 1mg Tablet, film coated 1,619,330 L.L
C10AB05 FINOFIB BENTA G Fenofibrate - 160mg 160mg Tablet, film coated 788,388 L.L
M03BA53 FLEXPRO EXTRA G Paracetamol - 500mg, Methocarbamol - 400mg Tablet, film coated 337,304 L.L
M04AA03 FEBUXOSTAT ARROW G Febuxostat - 120mg 120mg Tablet, film coated 1,084,481 L.L
M04AA03 FEBUXOSTAT BIOGARAN G Febuxostat - 120mg 120mg Tablet, film coated 1,402,972 L.L
M04AA03 FEBUXOSTAT ARROW G Febuxostat - 80mg 80mg Tablet, film coated 1,084,481 L.L
M04AA03 FEBUXOSTAT BIOGARAN G Febuxostat - 80mg 80mg Tablet, film coated 1,402,972 L.L
P01AB01 FLAGYL B Metronidazole - 500mg 500mg Tablet, film coated 310,428 L.L
P01AB01 FLAGYL B Metronidazole - 250mg 250mg Tablet, film coated 176,043 L.L
V03AE02 FOSEAL-800 G Sevelamer HCl - 800mg 800mg Tablet, film coated 470,345 L.L
V03AE02 FOSEAL-800 G Sevelamer HCl - 800mg 800mg Tablet, film coated 7,977,094 L.L
L02BG04 FEMARA B Letrozole - 2.5mg 2.5mg Tablet, film coated 3,433,518 L.L
R06AE07 FINALLERG G Cetirizine (dihydrochloride) - 10mg 10mg Tablet, film coated 342,680 L.L
L02BG04 FEMAPLEX G Letrozole - 2.5mg 2.5mg Tablet, film coated 1,583,046 L.L
L02BG04 FEMAZOL G Letrozole - 2.5mg 2.5mg Tablet, film coated 1,433,432 L.L
N06AB08 FAVERIN B Fluvoxamine maleate - 100mg 100mg Tablet, film-scored 1,291,433 L.L
N07XX07 FAMPYRA B Fampridine - 10mg 10mg Tablet, prolonged release 17,636,804 L.L
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