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Coronavirus: invasive/novel

Generalities
Agent Coronaviruses belong to a large family of viruses that can cause diseases ranging from the common cold to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS).
1) Classical coronavirus: viruses that can infect humans and animals.
- Human coronavirus (HCoV): causing mild illness (229E, OC43, NL63, and HKU1...)
- Animal coronavirus: may infect pigs, domestic and wild birds, bats, rodents, dogs, cats and cattle. They cause acute and chronic diseases in animals such as respiratory and gastro-enteric diseases, neurologic diseases, and liver disease.
2) Novel coronavirus:
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV) who caused a large outbreak in 2002-2003.
- Middle East respiratory syndrome–Novel Coronavirus (MERS-CoV): first identified in 2012
- Novel Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)
Incubation period - HCoV: 2-4 days
- SARS-CoV: 2-10 days (mean; 5 days)
- MERS-CoV: 2-14 days
- COVID-19: 4-7 days (up to 14 days)
Period of transmissibility - HCoV: during the active disease
- SARS-CoV: from onset to 21 days
- MERS-CoV: during illness. The duration of infectivity after resolution of symptoms is unknown.
- COVID-19: usually during illness
Reservoir - HCoV: Humans
- SARS-CoV: cave-dwelling bats (genus Rhinolophus), Himalayan masked palm civet (Paguma larvata), other wildlife animals
- MERS-CoV: may be camels and bats
Modes of transmission - HCoV: person-to-person transmission via repiratory droplets, aerosls, fecal oral route, fomites
- SARS-CoV: 1) Animal-to-person; 2) Person-to-person: while caring for, or living with a patient; via respiratory secretions, via body fluids; or airborne (aerosolized sewage, mechanical ventilation...)
- MERS-CoV: 1) Limited person-to-person transmission: close contact, when providing unprotected care to a patient; 2) Suspected animal-to-person transmission via droplet contact, fomite transmission, food-borne, airbone
- COVID-19: 1) Person-to-person: droplets (directly or indirectly), aerosol generating medical procedures, 2) Animal-to-peron
Clinical presentation - HCoV: usually self-limited illness as upper respiratory infection, otitis media, gastroenteritis. Complications: pneumonia, encephalitis, peritonitis...
- SARS-CoV: pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Global case fatality in 2003: 10%.
- MERS-CoV: usually, acute lower respiratory infection with or without gastrointestinal symptoms. It may be asymptomatic. The illness may be severe in people with chronic medical conditions. It may evolve to respiratory failure, organ failure (as renal failure), septic shock... Global case fatality: 27%.
- COVID-19: usually acute respiratory infection
Resources
Case definition - MOPH circular no. 35 (2012): SARS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 37 (2014): MERS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 42 (2020): COVID-19
Forms - General reporting form
- Novel Coronavirus reporting form
- Laboratory request form
- Patient transfert request form
- SARS-CoV investigation form
- MERS-CoV investigation form
Data - SARS-CoV: No SARS-CoV was detected in Lebanon in 2003
- MERS-CoV: 2 cases detected and confirmed in 2014 and 2017
- COVID-19: Daily report on COVID-19
Other Resources - Specimen collection for COVID-19
- Questions and Answers
- Presentation: coronavirus, A, E
- Presentation: resources, A, E
- Presentation: questions and answers, A, E
- Presentation: case definition, A, E
- Presentation: specimen collection, A, E
- Presentation: areas with community transmission, A, E
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
J01DE01 CEFEPIME PANPHARMA G Cefepime - 1g 1g Injectable powder for solution 5,933,065 L.L
L01XG01 ALVOCADE G Bortezomib - 3.5mg 3.5mg Injectable powder for solution 14,169,600 L.L
J01DE01 SALAPIME G Cefepime - 1g 1g Injectable powder for solution 618,168 L.L
L01XG01 BORTEZOMIB ACCORD G Bortezomib - 3.5mg 3.5mg Injectable powder for solution 13,007,658 L.L
J01DH02 MERONEM B Meropenem (trihydrate) - 500mg 500mg Injectable powder for solution 10,398,061 L.L
L01XG01 BORTEZOMIB GP PHARM G Bortezomib - 3.5mg 3.5mg Injectable powder for solution 13,007,658 L.L
J01DH02 ARCHIFAR G Meropenem - 500mg 500mg Injectable powder for solution 6,443,725 L.L
J01DH02 AROPEM G Meropenem (trihydrate) - 0.5g 0.5g Injectable powder for solution 995,723 L.L
L01XG01 BORTEZOMIB SPC G Bortezomib - 3.5mg 3.5mg Injectable powder for solution 15,743,401 L.L
J01DH02 AROPEM G Meropenem - 0.5g 0.5g Injectable powder for solution 995,723 L.L
L01XG01 VELZOME G Bortezomib - 3.5mg 3.5mg Injectable powder for solution 17,462,517 L.L
L01XG02 KYPROLIS B Carfilzomib - 60mg 60mg Injectable powder for solution 96,642,005 L.L
J01DH02 MERONEM B Meropenem (trihydrate) - 1g 1g Injectable powder for solution 10,398,061 L.L
J01DH02 ARCHIFAR G Meropenem - 1g 1g Injectable powder for solution 6,443,725 L.L
J01DH02 AROPEM G Meropenem (trihydrate) - 1g 1g Injectable powder for solution 995,723 L.L
J01DH02 AROPEM G Meropenem - 1g 1g Injectable powder for solution 995,723 L.L
J01DH02 MEROLIN G Meropenem (trihydrate) - 1g 1g Injectable powder for solution 2,311,146 L.L
J01DH02 MEROPENEM LABATEC G Meropenem (trihydrate) - 1g 1g Injectable powder for solution 7,278,513 L.L
J01DH02 MEROPENEM MEDIS G Meropenem (trihydrate) - 1g 1g Injectable powder for solution 6,443,725 L.L
M05BA08 ZOLEDRA G Zoledronic acid - 4mg 4mg Injectable powder for solution 6,368,470 L.L
J01DH02 MEROPENEM PANPHARMA G Meropenem (trihydrate) - 1g 1g Injectable powder for solution 7,278,513 L.L
J01DH02 MEROPENEM/ ANFARM G Meropenem (trihydrate) - 1g 1g Injectable powder for solution 6,443,725 L.L
J01DH02 MEROZAN G Meropenem - 1g 1g Injectable powder for solution 6,443,725 L.L
L01CX01 YONDELIS B Trabectedin - 1mg 1mg Injectable powder for solution 97,129,719 L.L
J01DH02 MIRAN G Meropenem (trihydrate) - 1g 1g Injectable powder for solution 819,744 L.L
L01XX24 ONCASPAR B Pegaspargase - 750U/ml 750U/ml Injectable powder for solution 172,758,585 L.L
J01DH02 ROPENEM 1000 BENTA G Meropenem (trihydrate) - 1000mg 1g Injectable powder for solution 995,723 L.L
L01DB02 CERUBIDINE B Daunorubicin (HCl) - 20mg 20mg Injectable powder for solution 10,943,137 L.L
J01DH51 IMILASTIN G Imipenem - 500mg, Cilastatin - 500mg Injectable powder for solution 5,869,189 L.L
J01DH51 IMIPENEM-CILASTATIN LABATEC G Imipenem (monohydrate) - 500mg, Cilastatin (sodium) - 500mg Injectable powder for solution 8,922,845 L.L
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