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Coronavirus: invasive/novel

Generalities
Agent Coronaviruses belong to a large family of viruses that can cause diseases ranging from the common cold to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS).
1) Classical coronavirus: viruses that can infect humans and animals.
- Human coronavirus (HCoV): causing mild illness (229E, OC43, NL63, and HKU1...)
- Animal coronavirus: may infect pigs, domestic and wild birds, bats, rodents, dogs, cats and cattle. They cause acute and chronic diseases in animals such as respiratory and gastro-enteric diseases, neurologic diseases, and liver disease.
2) Novel coronavirus:
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV) who caused a large outbreak in 2002-2003.
- Middle East respiratory syndrome–Novel Coronavirus (MERS-CoV): first identified in 2012
- Novel Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)
Incubation period - HCoV: 2-4 days
- SARS-CoV: 2-10 days (mean; 5 days)
- MERS-CoV: 2-14 days
- COVID-19: 4-7 days (up to 14 days)
Period of transmissibility - HCoV: during the active disease
- SARS-CoV: from onset to 21 days
- MERS-CoV: during illness. The duration of infectivity after resolution of symptoms is unknown.
- COVID-19: usually during illness
Reservoir - HCoV: Humans
- SARS-CoV: cave-dwelling bats (genus Rhinolophus), Himalayan masked palm civet (Paguma larvata), other wildlife animals
- MERS-CoV: may be camels and bats
Modes of transmission - HCoV: person-to-person transmission via repiratory droplets, aerosls, fecal oral route, fomites
- SARS-CoV: 1) Animal-to-person; 2) Person-to-person: while caring for, or living with a patient; via respiratory secretions, via body fluids; or airborne (aerosolized sewage, mechanical ventilation...)
- MERS-CoV: 1) Limited person-to-person transmission: close contact, when providing unprotected care to a patient; 2) Suspected animal-to-person transmission via droplet contact, fomite transmission, food-borne, airbone
- COVID-19: 1) Person-to-person: droplets (directly or indirectly), aerosol generating medical procedures, 2) Animal-to-peron
Clinical presentation - HCoV: usually self-limited illness as upper respiratory infection, otitis media, gastroenteritis. Complications: pneumonia, encephalitis, peritonitis...
- SARS-CoV: pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Global case fatality in 2003: 10%.
- MERS-CoV: usually, acute lower respiratory infection with or without gastrointestinal symptoms. It may be asymptomatic. The illness may be severe in people with chronic medical conditions. It may evolve to respiratory failure, organ failure (as renal failure), septic shock... Global case fatality: 27%.
- COVID-19: usually acute respiratory infection
Resources
Case definition - MOPH circular no. 35 (2012): SARS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 37 (2014): MERS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 42 (2020): COVID-19
Forms - General reporting form
- Novel Coronavirus reporting form
- Laboratory request form
- Patient transfert request form
- SARS-CoV investigation form
- MERS-CoV investigation form
Data - SARS-CoV: No SARS-CoV was detected in Lebanon in 2003
- MERS-CoV: 2 cases detected and confirmed in 2014 and 2017
- COVID-19: Daily report on COVID-19
Other Resources - Specimen collection for COVID-19
- Questions and Answers
- Presentation: coronavirus, A, E
- Presentation: resources, A, E
- Presentation: questions and answers, A, E
- Presentation: case definition, A, E
- Presentation: specimen collection, A, E
- Presentation: areas with community transmission, A, E
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
L01BC05 GEMCITABIN EBEWE G Gemcitabine (HCl) - 200mg/20ml 200mg/20ml Injectable concentrated solution 2,121,927 L.L
L01BC05 GEMCITABIN EBEWE G Gemcitabine (HCl) - 1g/100ml 1g/100ml Injectable concentrated solution 7,512,674 L.L
L01FA03 GAZYVA BioTech Obinutuzumab - 1000mg/40ml 1000mg/40ml Injectable concentrate for solution L.L
L01FA03 GAZYVA BioTech Obinutuzumab - 1000mg/40ml 1000mg/40ml Injectable concentrate for solution 314,437,416 L.L
L01BC05 GEMCI-CELL G Gemcitabine (HCl) - 1g/Vial 1g/Vial Injectable concentrate for solution 9,326,123 L.L
G02AX GYNOCIN G Oxytocin - 10IU/ml 10IU/ml Injectable concentrate for solution 626,231 L.L
G02AX GYNOCIN G Oxytocin - 5IU/0.5ml 5IU/0.5ml Injectable concentrate for solution 313,115 L.L
A04AA02 GRANI-DENK G Granisetron - 1mg/ml 1mg/ml Injectable concentrate for solution 893,655 L.L
A04AA02 GRANI-DENK G Granisetron - 3mg/3ml 3mg/3ml Injectable concentrate for solution 1,679,803 L.L
M02AA15 GROFENAC G Diclofenac sodium - 1% Emulsion Gel 314,459 L.L
S01ED51 GANFORT B Timolol maleate - 5mg/ml, Bimatoprost - 300mcg/ml Drops solution 950,097 L.L
S01ED51 GANFORT B Timolol maleate - 5mg/ml, Bimatoprost - 300mcg/ml Drops solution 950,097 L.L
D07CC02 GENTACORT-FC G Fluocinolone acetonide - 0.01%, Clotrimazole - 1%, Gentamicin (sulfate) - 0.1% Cream 302,365 L.L
D06BB10 GENIMOD G Imiquimod - 5% 5% Cream 2,268,406 L.L
A02BC01 GASTRIMUT G Omeprazole - 20mg 20mg Capsule, hard, gastro-resistant 427,342 L.L
A02BC01 GASTRIMUT G Omeprazole - 20mg 20mg Capsule, hard, gastro-resistant 6,720,556 L.L
A02BC01 GASTRIMUT G Omeprazole - 40mg 40mg Capsule, hard, gastro-resistant 503,941 L.L
A02BC01 GASTRIMUT G Omeprazole - 40mg 40mg Capsule, hard, gastro-resistant 956,816 L.L
N03AX12 GABAMOX G Gabapentin - 300mg 300mg Capsule, hard 1,108,670 L.L
N03AX12 GABAMOX G Gabapentin - 400mg 400mg Capsule, hard 1,233,647 L.L
L04AA27 GILENYA B Fingolimod - 0.5mg 0.5mg Capsule 159,392,560 L.L
A02BC01 GASTRAZOLE G Omeprazole - 20mg 20mg Capsule 245,923 L.L
A02BC01 GASTRISEC G Omeprazole - 20mg 20mg Capsule 413,903 L.L
C05CA54 GINKOR FORT B Heptaminol HCl - 0.300g, Troxerutine - 0.300g, Ginkgo biloba extract - 0.014g Capsule 681,328 L.L
N03AX12 GABANET 300 G Gabapentin - 300mg 300mg Capsule 1,380,126 L.L
N03AX12 GABAPENTINE ARROW GENERIQUES G Gabapentin - 300mg 300mg Capsule 1,342,499 L.L
N03AX12 GABAPENTINE ARROW GENERIQUES G Gabapentin - 300mg 300mg Capsule 1,342,499 L.L
N03AX12 GABATREX G Gabapentin - 300mg 300mg Capsule 1,585,734 L.L
N03AX12 GABANET 400 G Gabapentin - 400mg 400mg Capsule 1,607,236 L.L
N03AX12 GABAPENTINE ARROW GENERIQUES G Gabapentin - 400mg 400mg Capsule 1,342,499 L.L
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