Coronavirus: Invasive/novel

Coronavirus: invasive/novel

Generalities
Agent	Coronaviruses belong to a large family of viruses that can cause diseases ranging from the common cold to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). 1) Classical coronavirus: viruses that can infect humans and animals. - Human coronavirus (HCoV): causing mild illness (229E, OC43, NL63, and HKU1...) - Animal coronavirus: may infect pigs, domestic and wild birds, bats, rodents, dogs, cats and cattle. They cause acute and chronic diseases in animals such as respiratory and gastro-enteric diseases, neurologic diseases, and liver disease. 2) Novel coronavirus: - Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV) who caused a large outbreak in 2002-2003. - Middle East respiratory syndrome–Novel Coronavirus (MERS-CoV): first identified in 2012 - Novel Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)
Incubation period	- HCoV: 2-4 days - SARS-CoV: 2-10 days (mean; 5 days) - MERS-CoV: 2-14 days - COVID-19: 4-7 days (up to 14 days)
Period of transmissibility	- HCoV: during the active disease - SARS-CoV: from onset to 21 days - MERS-CoV: during illness. The duration of infectivity after resolution of symptoms is unknown. - COVID-19: usually during illness
Reservoir	- HCoV: Humans - SARS-CoV: cave-dwelling bats (genus Rhinolophus), Himalayan masked palm civet (Paguma larvata), other wildlife animals - MERS-CoV: may be camels and bats
Modes of transmission	- HCoV: person-to-person transmission via repiratory droplets, aerosls, fecal oral route, fomites - SARS-CoV: 1) Animal-to-person; 2) Person-to-person: while caring for, or living with a patient; via respiratory secretions, via body fluids; or airborne (aerosolized sewage, mechanical ventilation...) - MERS-CoV: 1) Limited person-to-person transmission: close contact, when providing unprotected care to a patient; 2) Suspected animal-to-person transmission via droplet contact, fomite transmission, food-borne, airbone - COVID-19: 1) Person-to-person: droplets (directly or indirectly), aerosol generating medical procedures, 2) Animal-to-peron
Clinical presentation	- HCoV: usually self-limited illness as upper respiratory infection, otitis media, gastroenteritis. Complications: pneumonia, encephalitis, peritonitis... - SARS-CoV: pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Global case fatality in 2003: 10%. - MERS-CoV: usually, acute lower respiratory infection with or without gastrointestinal symptoms. It may be asymptomatic. The illness may be severe in people with chronic medical conditions. It may evolve to respiratory failure, organ failure (as renal failure), septic shock... Global case fatality: 27%. - COVID-19: usually acute respiratory infection
Resources
Case definition	- MOPH circular no. 35 (2012): SARS-CoV - MOPH circular no. 37 (2014): MERS-CoV - MOPH circular no. 42 (2020): COVID-19
Forms	- General reporting form - Novel Coronavirus reporting form - Laboratory request form - Patient transfert request form - SARS-CoV investigation form - MERS-CoV investigation form
Data	- SARS-CoV: No SARS-CoV was detected in Lebanon in 2003 - MERS-CoV: 2 cases detected and confirmed in 2014 and 2017 - COVID-19: Daily report on COVID-19
Other Resources	- Specimen collection for COVID-19 - Questions and Answers - Presentation: coronavirus, A, E - Presentation: resources, A, E - Presentation: questions and answers, A, E - Presentation: case definition, A, E - Presentation: specimen collection, A, E - Presentation: areas with community transmission, A, E

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All

ATC	Name	B/G	Ingredients	Dosage	Form	Price
C05BB02	AETHOXYSKLEROL	B	Polidocanol (Lauromacrogol 400) - 1%	1%	Injectable solution	1,732,213 L.L
D10AF01	CLINIDERM	G	Clindamycin (phosphate) - 1%	1%	Gel	712,876 L.L
R06AB02	HISTAMED	G	Dexchlorpheniramine maleate - 1%	1%	Gel	477,384 L.L
P03AB02	GAMMA BENZENE HEXACHLORIDE	G	Lindane - 1%	1%	Shampoo	195,817 L.L
P03AB02	GAMMAPHARM	G	Lindane - 1%	1%	Shampoo	195,817 L.L
P03AB02	GAMMA BENZENE HEXACHLORIDE	G	Lindane - 1%	1%	Lotion	167,660 L.L
P03AC04	PERMACARE	G	Permethrin - 1%	1%	Lotion	590,011 L.L
D10AF05	NADIXA	G	Nadifloxacin - 1%	1%	Cream	850,652 L.L
D10AF05	NAXIDERM	G	Nadifloxacin - 1%	1%	Gel	826,783 L.L
R06AE07	ZYRTEC	B	Cetirizine (dihydrochloride) - 1%	1%	Drops	170,668 L.L
D11AH02	ELIDEL	B	Pimecrolimus - 10mg/g	1%	Cream	1,780,591 L.L
D01AC03	ECONAZ	G	Econazole nitrate - 1%	1%	Cream	307,164 L.L
D01AE14	MYCOSTER	B	Ciclopirox - 1%	1%	Cream	325,210 L.L
D01AE15	LAMISIL	B	Terbinafine HCl - 10mg/g	1%	Cream	616,824 L.L
D01AE15	LAMIFEN	G	Terbinafine HCl - 1%	1%	Cream	350,743 L.L
D01AE15	TERAFAN	G	Terbinafine HCl - 1%	1%	Cream	499,142 L.L
D01AE15	TERMINUS	G	Terbinafine HCl - 1%	1%	Cream	747,176 L.L
D01AE15	LAMISIL	B	Terbinafine HCl - 10mg/ml	1%	Solution	506,629 L.L
D01AE15	TERAFAN	G	Terbinafine HCl - 1%	1%	Solution	355,798 L.L
D01AE22	EXODERIL	B	Naftifine HCl - 10mg/g	1%	Cream	345,368 L.L
D01AE22	EXODERIL	B	Naftifine HCl - 10ml/ml	1%	Solution	159,917 L.L
S01AA09	TETRACYCLINE EYE OINTMENT	G	Tetracycline HCl - 1%	1%	Ointment	71,672 L.L
S01AA13	FUCITHALMIC VISCOUS	B	Fusidic acid - 10mg/g	1%	Drops	443,468 L.L
S01AA13	OPTIFUCIN VISCOUS	G	Fusidic acid - 1%	1%	Drops	208,296 L.L
M02AA15	CLOFEN	G	Diclofenac sodium (diethylamine) - 10mg/g	1%	Creamagel	210,983 L.L
M02AA15	DICLOGESIC	G	Diclofenac sodium (diethylamine) - 10mg/g	1%	Gel	135,728 L.L
M02AA15	OLFEN	G	Diclofenac sodium (diethylamine) - 1%	1%	Gel	268,769 L.L
M02AA15	VOLDIC	G	Diclofenac sodium (diethylamine) - 10mg/g	1%	Emulgel	172,012 L.L
M02AA15	FLECTOR E.P TISSUGEL	B	Diclofenac (epolamine) - 1%	1%	Patch	1,204,083 L.L
S01BA04	PRED FORTE	B	Prednisolone acetate - 10mg/ml	1%	Drops suspension	260,705 L.L

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