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Coronavirus: invasive/novel

Generalities
Agent Coronaviruses belong to a large family of viruses that can cause diseases ranging from the common cold to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS).
1) Classical coronavirus: viruses that can infect humans and animals.
- Human coronavirus (HCoV): causing mild illness (229E, OC43, NL63, and HKU1...)
- Animal coronavirus: may infect pigs, domestic and wild birds, bats, rodents, dogs, cats and cattle. They cause acute and chronic diseases in animals such as respiratory and gastro-enteric diseases, neurologic diseases, and liver disease.
2) Novel coronavirus:
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV) who caused a large outbreak in 2002-2003.
- Middle East respiratory syndrome–Novel Coronavirus (MERS-CoV): first identified in 2012
- Novel Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)
Incubation period - HCoV: 2-4 days
- SARS-CoV: 2-10 days (mean; 5 days)
- MERS-CoV: 2-14 days
- COVID-19: 4-7 days (up to 14 days)
Period of transmissibility - HCoV: during the active disease
- SARS-CoV: from onset to 21 days
- MERS-CoV: during illness. The duration of infectivity after resolution of symptoms is unknown.
- COVID-19: usually during illness
Reservoir - HCoV: Humans
- SARS-CoV: cave-dwelling bats (genus Rhinolophus), Himalayan masked palm civet (Paguma larvata), other wildlife animals
- MERS-CoV: may be camels and bats
Modes of transmission - HCoV: person-to-person transmission via repiratory droplets, aerosls, fecal oral route, fomites
- SARS-CoV: 1) Animal-to-person; 2) Person-to-person: while caring for, or living with a patient; via respiratory secretions, via body fluids; or airborne (aerosolized sewage, mechanical ventilation...)
- MERS-CoV: 1) Limited person-to-person transmission: close contact, when providing unprotected care to a patient; 2) Suspected animal-to-person transmission via droplet contact, fomite transmission, food-borne, airbone
- COVID-19: 1) Person-to-person: droplets (directly or indirectly), aerosol generating medical procedures, 2) Animal-to-peron
Clinical presentation - HCoV: usually self-limited illness as upper respiratory infection, otitis media, gastroenteritis. Complications: pneumonia, encephalitis, peritonitis...
- SARS-CoV: pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Global case fatality in 2003: 10%.
- MERS-CoV: usually, acute lower respiratory infection with or without gastrointestinal symptoms. It may be asymptomatic. The illness may be severe in people with chronic medical conditions. It may evolve to respiratory failure, organ failure (as renal failure), septic shock... Global case fatality: 27%.
- COVID-19: usually acute respiratory infection
Resources
Case definition - MOPH circular no. 35 (2012): SARS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 37 (2014): MERS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 42 (2020): COVID-19
Forms - General reporting form
- Novel Coronavirus reporting form
- Laboratory request form
- Patient transfert request form
- SARS-CoV investigation form
- MERS-CoV investigation form
Data - SARS-CoV: No SARS-CoV was detected in Lebanon in 2003
- MERS-CoV: 2 cases detected and confirmed in 2014 and 2017
- COVID-19: Daily report on COVID-19
Other Resources - Specimen collection for COVID-19
- Questions and Answers
- Presentation: coronavirus, A, E
- Presentation: resources, A, E
- Presentation: questions and answers, A, E
- Presentation: case definition, A, E
- Presentation: specimen collection, A, E
- Presentation: areas with community transmission, A, E
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
L01FD01 ARYOTRUST BioTech Trastuzumab - 150mg 150mg Injectable powder for concentrate for solution 21,176,745 L.L
L01FD01 HERZUMA BioTech Trastuzumab - 150mg 150mg Injectable powder for concentrate for solution 36,062,671 L.L
L01FD01 KANJINTI BioTech Trastuzumab - 420mg 420mg Injectable powder for concentrate for solution 79,305,881 L.L
L01FD03 KADCYLA BioTech Trastuzumab emtansine - 100mg 100mg Injectable powder for concentrate for solution 135,545,977 L.L
L01FD03 KADCYLA BioTech Trastuzumab emtansine - 160mg 160mg Injectable powder for concentrate for solution 216,872,714 L.L
L01FD04 ENHERTU BioTech Trastuzumab deruxtecan - 100mg 100mg Injectable powder for concentrate for solution 178,517,964 L.L
L01FX05 ADCETRIS BioTech Brentuximab Vedotin - 50mg 50mg Injectable powder for concentrate for solution 298,266,862 L.L
L01FX14 POLIVY BioHuman Polatuzumab vedotin - 140mg 140mg Injectable powder for concentrate for solution 1,146,496,418 L.L
J02AC05 CRESEMBA B Isavuconazonium sulfate - 200mg 200mg Injectable powder for concentrate for solution 38,436,952 L.L
J02AX04 CANDIGARD G Caspofungin (acetate) - 70mg 70mg Injectable powder for concentrate for solution 22,127,179 L.L
J02AX04 CANDIGARD G Caspofungin (acetate) - 50mg 50mg Injectable powder for concentrate for solution 22,127,179 L.L
J01DD52 ZAVICEFTA B Ceftazidime - 2g, Avibactam - 0.5g Injectable powder for concentrate for solution 101,659,975 L.L
A16AB04 FABRAZYME BioTech Agalsidase beta - 35mg 35mg Injectable powder for concentrate for solution 295,038,213 L.L
A16AB07 MYOZYME BioTech Alglucosidase alfa, recombinant human acid - 50mg 50mg Injectable powder for concentrate for solution 54,382,728 L.L
L01XX02 SPECTRILA BioTech Asparaginase, recombinant - 10,000IU 10,000IU Injectable powder for concentrate for solution 21,370,813 L.L
J01DI01 ZEVTERA B Ceftobiprole medocaril Sodium - 500mg 500mg Injectable powder for concentrate for solution 47,129,773 L.L
J01DI02 ZINFORO G Ceftaroline fosamil - 600mg 600mg Injectable powder for concentrate for solution 44,995,862 L.L
J01DI54 ZERBAXA B Ceftolozane Sulfate - 1g, Tazobactam (sodium) - 0.5g Injectable powder for concentrate for solution 74,780,802 L.L
A16AB04 FABRAZYME BioTech Agalsidase beta - 35mg 35mg Injectable powder for concentrate for solution L.L
L04AB02 IXIFI BioTech Infliximab - 100mg 100mg Injectable powder for concentrate for solution L.L
L01FD01 ARYOTRUST BioTech Trastuzumab - 440mg 440mg Injectable powder for concentrate for solution + solvent 34,948,930 L.L
L01CD01 ABRAXANE BioTech Paclitaxel Albumin- bound - 5mg/ml 5mg/ml Injectable powder for dispersion 17,850,751 L.L
J02AA01 AMBISOME B Liposomal Amphotericin B - 50mg 50mg Injectable powder for liposomal dispersion 13,126,040 L.L
L04AA04 THYMOGLOBULINE 5mg/ml BioTech Rabbit anti-human thymocyte immunoglobulin - 25mg/5ml 25mg/5ml Injectable powder for solution 21,092,764 L.L
J01CR05 YANOVEN G Piperacillin (sodium) - 2g, Tazobactam (sodium) - 0.25g Injectable powder for solution 830,623 L.L
J01CR05 PIPERACILINA/TAZOBACTAM SALA G Piperacillin (sodium) - 4g, Tazobactam (sodium) - 0.5g Injectable powder for solution 913,813 L.L
J01CR05 PIPERACILLIN/TAZOBACTAM PANPHARMA G Piperacillin (sodium) - 4g, Tazobactam (sodium) - 0.5g Injectable powder for solution 8,851,296 L.L
J01CR05 PIPERACILLIN/TAZOBACTAM SANDOZ G Piperacillin (sodium) - 4g, Tazobactam (sodium) - 0.5g Injectable powder for solution 913,813 L.L
J01CR05 PIPERACILLIN/TAZOBACTAM STRAGEN G Piperacillin (sodium) - 4g, Tazobactam (sodium) - 0.5g Injectable powder for solution 897,687 L.L
J01CR05 PIPERACILLIN/TAZOBACTAM STRAGEN G Piperacillin (sodium) - 4g, Tazobactam (sodium) - 0.5g Injectable powder for solution 7,820,986 L.L
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