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Coronavirus: invasive/novel

Generalities
Agent Coronaviruses belong to a large family of viruses that can cause diseases ranging from the common cold to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS).
1) Classical coronavirus: viruses that can infect humans and animals.
- Human coronavirus (HCoV): causing mild illness (229E, OC43, NL63, and HKU1...)
- Animal coronavirus: may infect pigs, domestic and wild birds, bats, rodents, dogs, cats and cattle. They cause acute and chronic diseases in animals such as respiratory and gastro-enteric diseases, neurologic diseases, and liver disease.
2) Novel coronavirus:
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV) who caused a large outbreak in 2002-2003.
- Middle East respiratory syndrome–Novel Coronavirus (MERS-CoV): first identified in 2012
- Novel Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)
Incubation period - HCoV: 2-4 days
- SARS-CoV: 2-10 days (mean; 5 days)
- MERS-CoV: 2-14 days
- COVID-19: 4-7 days (up to 14 days)
Period of transmissibility - HCoV: during the active disease
- SARS-CoV: from onset to 21 days
- MERS-CoV: during illness. The duration of infectivity after resolution of symptoms is unknown.
- COVID-19: usually during illness
Reservoir - HCoV: Humans
- SARS-CoV: cave-dwelling bats (genus Rhinolophus), Himalayan masked palm civet (Paguma larvata), other wildlife animals
- MERS-CoV: may be camels and bats
Modes of transmission - HCoV: person-to-person transmission via repiratory droplets, aerosls, fecal oral route, fomites
- SARS-CoV: 1) Animal-to-person; 2) Person-to-person: while caring for, or living with a patient; via respiratory secretions, via body fluids; or airborne (aerosolized sewage, mechanical ventilation...)
- MERS-CoV: 1) Limited person-to-person transmission: close contact, when providing unprotected care to a patient; 2) Suspected animal-to-person transmission via droplet contact, fomite transmission, food-borne, airbone
- COVID-19: 1) Person-to-person: droplets (directly or indirectly), aerosol generating medical procedures, 2) Animal-to-peron
Clinical presentation - HCoV: usually self-limited illness as upper respiratory infection, otitis media, gastroenteritis. Complications: pneumonia, encephalitis, peritonitis...
- SARS-CoV: pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Global case fatality in 2003: 10%.
- MERS-CoV: usually, acute lower respiratory infection with or without gastrointestinal symptoms. It may be asymptomatic. The illness may be severe in people with chronic medical conditions. It may evolve to respiratory failure, organ failure (as renal failure), septic shock... Global case fatality: 27%.
- COVID-19: usually acute respiratory infection
Resources
Case definition - MOPH circular no. 35 (2012): SARS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 37 (2014): MERS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 42 (2020): COVID-19
Forms - General reporting form
- Novel Coronavirus reporting form
- Laboratory request form
- Patient transfert request form
- SARS-CoV investigation form
- MERS-CoV investigation form
Data - SARS-CoV: No SARS-CoV was detected in Lebanon in 2003
- MERS-CoV: 2 cases detected and confirmed in 2014 and 2017
- COVID-19: Daily report on COVID-19
Other Resources - Specimen collection for COVID-19
- Questions and Answers
- Presentation: coronavirus, A, E
- Presentation: resources, A, E
- Presentation: questions and answers, A, E
- Presentation: case definition, A, E
- Presentation: specimen collection, A, E
- Presentation: areas with community transmission, A, E
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
B05ZA CONCENTRATE SOLUTION FOR HEMODIALYSIS TYPE D G Potassium chloride - 5.215g/l, Magnesium chloride, 6H2O - 5.32g/l, Calcium chloride, 2H2O - 8.99g/l, Sodium acetate, 3H2O - 166.7g/l, Sodium chloride - 214.76g/l Injectable solution L.L
B05ZA CONCENTRATE SOLUTION FOR HEMODIALYSIS TYPE E G Potassium chloride - 2.611g/l, Magnesium chloride, 6H2O - 5.32g/l, Calcium chloride, 2H2O - 7.00g/l, Sodium acetate, 3H2O - 190.505g/l, Sodium chloride - 205.49g/l Injectable solution L.L
B05ZA CONCENTRATE SOLUTION FOR HEMODIALYSIS TYPE F G Potassium chloride - 3.914g/l, Magnesium chloride, 6H2O - 3.558g/l, Calcium chloride, 2H2O - 7.719g/l, Acetic acid 100% - 6.010ml/l, Sodium chloride - 208.631g/l Injectable solution L.L
B05ZA CONCENTRATE SOLUTION FOR HEMODIALYSIS TYPE SG G Potassium chloride - 3.92g/l, Magnesium chloride, 6H2O - 5.32g/l, Calcium chloride, 2H2O - 8.99g/l, Sodium acetate, 3H2O - 166.7g/l, Sodium chloride - 214.76g/l Injectable solution L.L
B05ZA CONCENTRATE SOLUTION FOR HEMODIALYSIS L G Potassium chloride - K+:1.5 mmol/l, Magnesium chloride - Mg++:0.75 mmol/l, Calcium chloride - Ca++:1.75 mmol/l, Sodium acetate - Cl-:106.5 mmol/l, Sodium chloride - Na+:135 mmol/l Injectable solution L.L
B05ZA CONCENTRATE SOLUTION FOR HEMODIALYSIS LM G Potassium chloride - K+:2.00 mmol/l, Magnesium chloride - Mg++:0.75 mmol/l, Calcium chloride - Ca++:1.75 mmol/l, Sodium acetate - Cl-:112 mmol/l, Sodium chloride - Na+:140 mmol/l Injectable solution L.L
B05ZA CONCENTRATE SOLUTION FOR HEMODIALYSIS LS G Potassium chloride - K+:1.5 mmol/l, Magnesium chloride - Mg++:0.75 mmol/l, Calcium chloride - Ca++:1.75 mmol/l, Sodium acetate - Cl-:111.5 mmol/l, Sodium chloride - Na+:140 mmol/l Injectable solution L.L
B05ZA CONCENTRATE SOLUTION FOR HEMODIALYSIS LS2 G Potassium chloride - K+:1.5 mmol/l, Magnesium chloride - Mg++:0.75 mmol/l, Calcium chloride - Ca++:1.5 mmol/l, Sodium acetate - Cl-:111 mmol/l, Sodium chloride - Na+:140 mmol/l Injectable solution L.L
B05ZA CONCENTRATE SOLUTION FOR HEMODIALYSIS LS3 G Potassium chloride - K+:2.00 mmol/l, Magnesium chloride - Mg++:0.75 mmol/l, Calcium chloride - Ca++:1.60 mmol/l, Sodium acetate - Cl-:112 mmol/l, Sodium chloride - Na+:140 mmol/l Injectable solution L.L
B05ZA CONCENTRATE SOLUTION FOR HEMODIALYSIS R G Potassium chloride - K+:1.00 mmol/l, Magnesium chloride - Mg++:0.75 mmol/l, Calcium chloride - Ca++:1.40 mmol/l, Sodium acetate - Cl-:105.8 mmol/l, Sodium chloride - Na+:140.5 mmol/l Injectable solution L.L
B05ZA CONCENTRATE SOLUTIONFOR HEMODIALYSIS TYPE A G Hemodialytics, concentrates - Injectable solution L.L
B05ZA CONCENTRATE SOLUTION FOR HEMODIALYSIS TYPE B+ G Hemodialytics, concentrates - Injectable solution L.L
B05ZA CONCENTRATE SOLUTION FOR HEMODIALYSIS TYPE J G Hemodialytics, concentrates - Injectable solution L.L
B06AC05 TAKHZYRO BioTech Lanadelumab - 300mg/2ml 300mg Injectable solution 1,202,366,121 L.L
B06AC05 TAKHZYRO BioTech Lanadelumab - 300mg/2ml Injectable solution 1,204,227,927 L.L
C01AA05 LANOXIN PG B Digoxin - 0.05mg/ml 0.05mg/ml Elixir 307,740 L.L
C01AA05 LANOXIN B Digoxin - 0.25mg 0.25mg Tablet 215,015 L.L
C01BC03 RYTMONORM B Propafenone HCl - 150mg 150mg Tablet, film coated 1,119,850 L.L
C01BC03 RYTMONORM B Propafenone HCl - 300mg 300mg Tablet, film coated 1,883,860 L.L
C01BC04 FLECAINE B Flecainide acetate - 100mg 100mg Tablet, scored 878,873 L.L
C01BC04 FLECAINIDE ARROW LAB G Flecainide acetate - 100mg 100mg Tablet, scored 588,603 L.L
C01BC04 FLECAINIDE BIOGARAN L.P. G Flecainide acetate - 100mg 100mg Capsule, extended release 1,154,361 L.L
C01BC04 FLECAINIDE BIOGARAN L.P. G Flecainide acetate - 50mg 50mg Capsule, extended release 1,154,361 L.L
C01BD01 CORDARONE B Amiodarone (HCl) - 200mg 200mg Tablet, scored 349,399 L.L
C01BD01 AMIODARONE BIOGARAN G Amiodarone (HCl) - 200mg 200mg Tablet 345,368 L.L
C01BD01 CORDARONE B Amiodarone (HCl) - 150mg/3ml 150mg/3ml Injectable concentrated solution 499,909 L.L
C01BG11 BRINAVESS B Vernakalant - 20mg/ml 20mg/ml Injectable concentrate for solution 41,821,582 L.L
C01CA03 EPINORD G Noradrenaline (tartrate) - 8mg/4ml 8mg/4ml Injectable solution 2,751,678 L.L
C01CA03 NORADRENALINE NOREPINEPHRINE (tartrate) Aguettant G Norepinephrine tartrate - 2mg/ml 2mg/ml Injectable solution 1,896,162 L.L
C01CA03 NORADRENALINE NOREPINEPHRINE (tartrate) Aguettant G Norepinephrine tartrate - 2mg/ml 2mg/ml Injectable solution 1,896,162 L.L
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