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Coronavirus: invasive/novel

Generalities
Agent Coronaviruses belong to a large family of viruses that can cause diseases ranging from the common cold to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS).
1) Classical coronavirus: viruses that can infect humans and animals.
- Human coronavirus (HCoV): causing mild illness (229E, OC43, NL63, and HKU1...)
- Animal coronavirus: may infect pigs, domestic and wild birds, bats, rodents, dogs, cats and cattle. They cause acute and chronic diseases in animals such as respiratory and gastro-enteric diseases, neurologic diseases, and liver disease.
2) Novel coronavirus:
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV) who caused a large outbreak in 2002-2003.
- Middle East respiratory syndrome–Novel Coronavirus (MERS-CoV): first identified in 2012
- Novel Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)
Incubation period - HCoV: 2-4 days
- SARS-CoV: 2-10 days (mean; 5 days)
- MERS-CoV: 2-14 days
- COVID-19: 4-7 days (up to 14 days)
Period of transmissibility - HCoV: during the active disease
- SARS-CoV: from onset to 21 days
- MERS-CoV: during illness. The duration of infectivity after resolution of symptoms is unknown.
- COVID-19: usually during illness
Reservoir - HCoV: Humans
- SARS-CoV: cave-dwelling bats (genus Rhinolophus), Himalayan masked palm civet (Paguma larvata), other wildlife animals
- MERS-CoV: may be camels and bats
Modes of transmission - HCoV: person-to-person transmission via repiratory droplets, aerosls, fecal oral route, fomites
- SARS-CoV: 1) Animal-to-person; 2) Person-to-person: while caring for, or living with a patient; via respiratory secretions, via body fluids; or airborne (aerosolized sewage, mechanical ventilation...)
- MERS-CoV: 1) Limited person-to-person transmission: close contact, when providing unprotected care to a patient; 2) Suspected animal-to-person transmission via droplet contact, fomite transmission, food-borne, airbone
- COVID-19: 1) Person-to-person: droplets (directly or indirectly), aerosol generating medical procedures, 2) Animal-to-peron
Clinical presentation - HCoV: usually self-limited illness as upper respiratory infection, otitis media, gastroenteritis. Complications: pneumonia, encephalitis, peritonitis...
- SARS-CoV: pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Global case fatality in 2003: 10%.
- MERS-CoV: usually, acute lower respiratory infection with or without gastrointestinal symptoms. It may be asymptomatic. The illness may be severe in people with chronic medical conditions. It may evolve to respiratory failure, organ failure (as renal failure), septic shock... Global case fatality: 27%.
- COVID-19: usually acute respiratory infection
Resources
Case definition - MOPH circular no. 35 (2012): SARS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 37 (2014): MERS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 42 (2020): COVID-19
Forms - General reporting form
- Novel Coronavirus reporting form
- Laboratory request form
- Patient transfert request form
- SARS-CoV investigation form
- MERS-CoV investigation form
Data - SARS-CoV: No SARS-CoV was detected in Lebanon in 2003
- MERS-CoV: 2 cases detected and confirmed in 2014 and 2017
- COVID-19: Daily report on COVID-19
Other Resources - Specimen collection for COVID-19
- Questions and Answers
- Presentation: coronavirus, A, E
- Presentation: resources, A, E
- Presentation: questions and answers, A, E
- Presentation: case definition, A, E
- Presentation: specimen collection, A, E
- Presentation: areas with community transmission, A, E
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
A07EC02 PENTASA XTEND B Mesalazine - 2g 2g Granules for suspension 8,550,789 L.L
A07EC02 PENTASA B Mesalazine - 4g 4g Granules, prolonged release 7,826,190 L.L
N02BG09 PENTHROX INHALER B Methoxyflurane - Inhalation 21,080,096 L.L
R03AK06 PROPIONATE DE FLUTICASONE/ SALMETEROL ARROW G Salmeterol - 50mcg/dose, Fluticasone propionate - 100mcg/dose Inhalation powder 1,593,797 L.L
R03AK06 PROPIONATE DE FLUTICASONE/ SALMETEROL ARROW G Salmeterol - 50mcg/dose, Fluticasone propionate - 500mcg/dose Inhalation powder 2,605,711 L.L
R05CB13 PULMOZYME BioTech Dornase alfa (desoxyribonuclease) - 2.5mg/2.5ml 2.5mg/2.5ml Inhalation solution 54,658,804 L.L
R05CB13 PULMOZYME BioTech Dornase alfa (desoxyribonuclease) - 2.5mg/2.5ml 2.5mg/2.5ml Inhalation solution L.L
R03BA02 PULMICORT B Budesonide - 0.5mg/ml 0.5mg/ml Inhalation suspension for nebuliser 2,015,764 L.L
L01BA04 PEMETREXED STRAGEN G Pemetrexed (disodium) - 500mg/20ml 500mg/20ml Injectable concentrate for solution 24,037,602 L.L
L01BA04 PEMETREXED STRAGEN G Pemetrexed (disodium) - 1000mg/40ml 1000mg/40ml Injectable concentrate for solution 40,480,209 L.L
L01BA04 PEMETREXED EVER PHARMA G Pemetrexed (disodium) - 500mg/20ml 500mg/20ml Injectable concentrate for solution 35,166,291 L.L
L01BA04 PEMETREXED EVER PHARMA G Pemetrexed (disodium) - 100mg/4ml 100mg/4ml Injectable concentrate for solution 12,185,492 L.L
L01FD02 PERJETA 420MG BioTech Pertuzumab - 420mg/14ml 420mg/14ml Injectable concentrate for solution 220,054,714 L.L
L01BA04 PEMETREXED STRAGEN G Pemetrexed (disodium) - 100mg/4ml 100mg/4ml Injectable concentrate for solution 12,759,187 L.L
L01CD01 PATAXEL G Paclitaxel - 300mg/50ml 300mg/50ml Injectable concentrate for solution 17,809,220 L.L
L01CD01 PATAXEL G Paclitaxel - 30mg/5ml 30mg/5ml Injectable concentrate for solution 2,447,137 L.L
L01CD01 PACLITAXEL NEAPOLIS G Paclitaxel - 30mg 30mg Injectable concentrate for solution 3,514,148 L.L
L01CD01 PATAXEL G Paclitaxel - 100mg/16.7ml 100mg/16.7ml Injectable concentrate for solution 8,500,054 L.L
L01CD01 PACLITAXEL NEAPOLIS G Paclitaxel - 150mg/25ml 150mg/25ml Injectable concentrate for solution 15,665,972 L.L
N05CM18 PROXIDA G Dexmedetomidine HCl - 200mcg/2ml 200mcg/2ml Injectable concentrate for solution 1,771,184 L.L
J05AX18 PREVYMIS B Letermovir - 240mg/12ml 240mg/12ml Injectable concentrate for solution 25,111,114 L.L
L01FD02 PERJETA 420MG BioTech Pertuzumab - 420mg/14ml 420mg/14ml Injectable concentrate for solution L.L
L01BA04 PEMETREXED SPC G Pemetrexed (disodium) - 500mg 500mg Injectable concentrated powder for solution 43,746,515 L.L
L01CD01 PACLITAXEL MYLAN PHARMA 6MG/ML G Paclitaxel - 300mg/50ml 300mg/50ml Injectable concentrated powder for solution 48,068,822 L.L
L01CD01 PACLITAXEL MYLAN PHARMA 6MG/ML G Paclitaxel - 30mg/5ml 30mg/5ml Injectable concentrated powder for solution 5,394,128 L.L
L01CD01 PACLITAXEL MYLAN PHARMA 6MG/ML G Paclitaxel - 100mg/16.7ml 100mg/16.7ml Injectable concentrated powder for solution 20,406,655 L.L
B05XA PEDITRACE B Sodium selenite 5H2O (anhydrous) - 6.66mcg/ml, Sodium fluoride - 126mcg/ml, Potassium iodide - 1.31mcg/ml, Zinc chloride - 521mcg/ml, Copper chloride - 53.7mcg/ml, Manganese chloride 4H2O - 3.6mcg/ml Injectable concentrated solution 4,749,139 L.L
L01CD01 PANATAXEL G Paclitaxel - 30mg/5ml 30mg/5ml Injectable concentrated solution 3,563,870 L.L
L01CD01 PANATAXEL G Paclitaxel - 100mg/16.7ml 100mg/16.7ml Injectable concentrated solution 7,071,670 L.L
L01CD01 PANATAXEL G Paclitaxel - 150mg/25ml 150mg/25ml Injectable concentrated solution 16,521,761 L.L
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