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Coronavirus: invasive/novel

Generalities
Agent Coronaviruses belong to a large family of viruses that can cause diseases ranging from the common cold to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS).
1) Classical coronavirus: viruses that can infect humans and animals.
- Human coronavirus (HCoV): causing mild illness (229E, OC43, NL63, and HKU1...)
- Animal coronavirus: may infect pigs, domestic and wild birds, bats, rodents, dogs, cats and cattle. They cause acute and chronic diseases in animals such as respiratory and gastro-enteric diseases, neurologic diseases, and liver disease.
2) Novel coronavirus:
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV) who caused a large outbreak in 2002-2003.
- Middle East respiratory syndrome–Novel Coronavirus (MERS-CoV): first identified in 2012
- Novel Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)
Incubation period - HCoV: 2-4 days
- SARS-CoV: 2-10 days (mean; 5 days)
- MERS-CoV: 2-14 days
- COVID-19: 4-7 days (up to 14 days)
Period of transmissibility - HCoV: during the active disease
- SARS-CoV: from onset to 21 days
- MERS-CoV: during illness. The duration of infectivity after resolution of symptoms is unknown.
- COVID-19: usually during illness
Reservoir - HCoV: Humans
- SARS-CoV: cave-dwelling bats (genus Rhinolophus), Himalayan masked palm civet (Paguma larvata), other wildlife animals
- MERS-CoV: may be camels and bats
Modes of transmission - HCoV: person-to-person transmission via repiratory droplets, aerosls, fecal oral route, fomites
- SARS-CoV: 1) Animal-to-person; 2) Person-to-person: while caring for, or living with a patient; via respiratory secretions, via body fluids; or airborne (aerosolized sewage, mechanical ventilation...)
- MERS-CoV: 1) Limited person-to-person transmission: close contact, when providing unprotected care to a patient; 2) Suspected animal-to-person transmission via droplet contact, fomite transmission, food-borne, airbone
- COVID-19: 1) Person-to-person: droplets (directly or indirectly), aerosol generating medical procedures, 2) Animal-to-peron
Clinical presentation - HCoV: usually self-limited illness as upper respiratory infection, otitis media, gastroenteritis. Complications: pneumonia, encephalitis, peritonitis...
- SARS-CoV: pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Global case fatality in 2003: 10%.
- MERS-CoV: usually, acute lower respiratory infection with or without gastrointestinal symptoms. It may be asymptomatic. The illness may be severe in people with chronic medical conditions. It may evolve to respiratory failure, organ failure (as renal failure), septic shock... Global case fatality: 27%.
- COVID-19: usually acute respiratory infection
Resources
Case definition - MOPH circular no. 35 (2012): SARS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 37 (2014): MERS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 42 (2020): COVID-19
Forms - General reporting form
- Novel Coronavirus reporting form
- Laboratory request form
- Patient transfert request form
- SARS-CoV investigation form
- MERS-CoV investigation form
Data - SARS-CoV: No SARS-CoV was detected in Lebanon in 2003
- MERS-CoV: 2 cases detected and confirmed in 2014 and 2017
- COVID-19: Daily report on COVID-19
Other Resources - Specimen collection for COVID-19
- Questions and Answers
- Presentation: coronavirus, A, E
- Presentation: resources, A, E
- Presentation: questions and answers, A, E
- Presentation: case definition, A, E
- Presentation: specimen collection, A, E
- Presentation: areas with community transmission, A, E
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
N02BE01 SULDEX 250 G Paracetamol - 250mg 250mg Suppository 127,985 L.L
N02BE01 SULDEX A G Paracetamol - 600mg 600mg Suppository 200,936 L.L
N02BE01 SULDEX 125 G Paracetamol - 125mg 125mg Suppository 110,067 L.L
N02BE01 STOPALGIC G Paracetamol - 1g/100ml 1g/100ml Injectable solution 1,536,012 L.L
N02BE01 SOLUFLEX PARACETAMOL G Paracetamol - 1g/100ml 1g/100ml Injectable solution 211,175 L.L
N02BE01 SUPOFEN G Paracetamol - 10mg/ml 10mg/ml Injectable solution 7,675,286 L.L
N01BB58 SEPTANEST ADRENALINEE B Articaine HCl - 72mg/1.8ml, Adrenaline (tartrate) - 0.033mg/1.8ml 1/100,000 Injectable solution 2,945,703 L.L
N01BB03 SCANDINIBSA G Mepivacaine HCl - 3% 3% Injectable solution 1,191,988 L.L
N01AH03 SUFENTANIL RENAUDIN G Sufentanil (citrate) - 250mcg/5ml 250mcg/5ml Injectable solution 3,524,899 L.L
N01AH03 SUFENTANIL RENAUDIN G Sufentanil (citrate) - 5mcg/ml 10mcg/2ml Injectable solution 755,239 L.L
N01AB08 SEVOFLURANE B Sevoflurane - Inhalation 12,327,290 L.L
N01AB07 SUPRANE (DESFLURANE, USP) B Desflurane - Inhalation 9,371,654 L.L
M05BA08 SIMPLA G Zoledronic acid - 5mg/100ml 5mg/100ml Injectable solution 13,071,402 L.L
M05BA04 STRONDEX 70 G Alendronate sodium - 70mg 70mg Tablet 1,305,447 L.L
M04AA03 STABURIC G Febuxostat - 120mg 120mg Tablet, film coated 1,420,889 L.L
M04AA03 STABURIC G Febuxostat - 80mg 80mg Tablet, film coated 1,355,489 L.L
M04AA03 STABURIC G Febuxostat - 40mg 40mg Tablet, film coated 1,081,345 L.L
M03BX04 STIFFANO G Tolperisone - 150mg 150mg Tablet 651,764 L.L
M03BX02 SIRDALUD B Tizanidine HCl - 2mg 2mg Tablet 578,401 L.L
M03BX02 SIRDALUD B Tizanidine HCl - 4mg 4mg Tablet 757,129 L.L
M03AC11 SISACURE G Cisatracurium (besylate) - 20mg/10ml 20mg/10ml Injectable solution 1,408,347 L.L
M01AE11 SURGAM B Tiaprofenic acid - 300mg 300mg Tablet 440,780 L.L
M01AE03 SOLKET G Ketoprofen Lysine salt - 80mg 80mg Powder for solution 636,981 L.L
M01AE03 SOLKET INFLAMMATION AND PAIN G Ketoprofen Lysine salt - 0.16% 0.16% Spray 946,065 L.L
M01AE01 SPIDIFEN B Ibuprofen alginate - 400mg 400mg Tablet, film coated 330,585 L.L
M01AC02 SORAL G Tenoxicam - 20mg/2ml 20mg/2ml Injectable lyophilised powder for solution+solvent 588,603 L.L
L04AX04 SOTIRA G Lenalidomide - 5mg 5mg Capsule 68,908,116 L.L
L04AX04 SOTIRA G Lenalidomide - 10mg 10mg Capsule 72,248,183 L.L
L04AX04 SOTIRA G Lenalidomide - 15mg 15mg Capsule 76,208,289 L.L
L04AX04 SOTIRA G Lenalidomide - 25mg 25mg Capsule 76,719,234 L.L
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