Coronavirus: Invasive/novel

Generalities
Agent	Coronaviruses belong to a large family of viruses that can cause diseases ranging from the common cold to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). 1) Classical coronavirus: viruses that can infect humans and animals. - Human coronavirus (HCoV): causing mild illness (229E, OC43, NL63, and HKU1...) - Animal coronavirus: may infect pigs, domestic and wild birds, bats, rodents, dogs, cats and cattle. They cause acute and chronic diseases in animals such as respiratory and gastro-enteric diseases, neurologic diseases, and liver disease. 2) Novel coronavirus: - Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV) who caused a large outbreak in 2002-2003. - Middle East respiratory syndrome–Novel Coronavirus (MERS-CoV): first identified in 2012 - Novel Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)
Incubation period	- HCoV: 2-4 days - SARS-CoV: 2-10 days (mean; 5 days) - MERS-CoV: 2-14 days - COVID-19: 4-7 days (up to 14 days)
Period of transmissibility	- HCoV: during the active disease - SARS-CoV: from onset to 21 days - MERS-CoV: during illness. The duration of infectivity after resolution of symptoms is unknown. - COVID-19: usually during illness
Reservoir	- HCoV: Humans - SARS-CoV: cave-dwelling bats (genus Rhinolophus), Himalayan masked palm civet (Paguma larvata), other wildlife animals - MERS-CoV: may be camels and bats
Modes of transmission	- HCoV: person-to-person transmission via repiratory droplets, aerosls, fecal oral route, fomites - SARS-CoV: 1) Animal-to-person; 2) Person-to-person: while caring for, or living with a patient; via respiratory secretions, via body fluids; or airborne (aerosolized sewage, mechanical ventilation...) - MERS-CoV: 1) Limited person-to-person transmission: close contact, when providing unprotected care to a patient; 2) Suspected animal-to-person transmission via droplet contact, fomite transmission, food-borne, airbone - COVID-19: 1) Person-to-person: droplets (directly or indirectly), aerosol generating medical procedures, 2) Animal-to-peron
Clinical presentation	- HCoV: usually self-limited illness as upper respiratory infection, otitis media, gastroenteritis. Complications: pneumonia, encephalitis, peritonitis... - SARS-CoV: pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Global case fatality in 2003: 10%. - MERS-CoV: usually, acute lower respiratory infection with or without gastrointestinal symptoms. It may be asymptomatic. The illness may be severe in people with chronic medical conditions. It may evolve to respiratory failure, organ failure (as renal failure), septic shock... Global case fatality: 27%. - COVID-19: usually acute respiratory infection
Resources
Case definition	- MOPH circular no. 35 (2012): SARS-CoV - MOPH circular no. 37 (2014): MERS-CoV - MOPH circular no. 42 (2020): COVID-19
Forms	- General reporting form - Novel Coronavirus reporting form - Laboratory request form - Patient transfert request form - SARS-CoV investigation form - MERS-CoV investigation form
Data	- SARS-CoV: No SARS-CoV was detected in Lebanon in 2003 - MERS-CoV: 2 cases detected and confirmed in 2014 and 2017 - COVID-19: Daily report on COVID-19
Other Resources	- Specimen collection for COVID-19 - Questions and Answers - Presentation: coronavirus, A, E - Presentation: resources, A, E - Presentation: questions and answers, A, E - Presentation: case definition, A, E - Presentation: specimen collection, A, E - Presentation: areas with community transmission, A, E

ATC	Name	B/G	Ingredients	Dosage	Form	Price
D07AC13	ELISONE	G	Mometasone furoate - 0.1%	0.1%	Cream	249,955 L.L
D07AC13	ELISONE	G	Mometasone furoate - 0.1%	0.1%	Cream	435,405 L.L
D07AC13	METASONE	G	Mometasone furoate - 0.1%	0.1%	Cream	335,321 L.L
D07AC13	XEMADERM	G	Mometasone furoate - 0.1%	0.1%	Cream	335,961 L.L
D07AC13	ELICA	G	Mometasone furoate micronized - 1mg/g	0.1%	Ointment	399,121 L.L
D07AC13	ELOCOM	B	Mometasone furoate - 1mg/g	0.1%	Lotion	282,207 L.L
D07AC13	KONEX	G	Mometasone furoate - 0.1%	0.1%	Solution	385,683 L.L
D07AC13	METASONE	G	Mometasone furoate - 0.1%	0.1%	Lotion	239,332 L.L
D07AC14	PRENIDERM	G	Methylprednisolone aceponate - 0.1%	0.1%	Cream	312,283 L.L
D07AC01	BETNOVATE	B	Betamethasone (valerate) - 0.1%	0.1% w/w	Cream	279,519 L.L
D07AC01	BETNOVATE	B	Betamethasone (valerate) - 0.1%	0.1% w/w	Ointment	279,519 L.L
R01AC03	ALLERGODIL NASAL	B	Azelastine HCl - 0.14mg/dose	0.14mg/dose	Spray, solution	657,139 L.L
S01EA05	ALPHAGAN P	B	Brimonidine tartrate - 1.5mg/ml	0.15%	Drops solution	1,001,163 L.L
S01EA05	ALPHAGAN P	B	Brimonidine tartrate - 1.5mg/ml	0.15%	Drops solution	1,001,163 L.L
S01EA05	ALPHANOVA	G	Brimonidine tartrate - 0.15%	0.15%	Drops solution	599,354 L.L
R05DB13	RAPICOD	G	Butamirate citrate - 0.15%	0.15%	Syrup	296,989 L.L
B05XA05	SULFATE DE MAGNESIUM PROAMP	G	Magnesium sulfate - 0.15g/ml	0.15g/ml	Injectable solution	1,400,284 L.L
M01AE03	SOLKET INFLAMMATION AND PAIN	G	Ketoprofen Lysine salt - 0.16%	0.16%	Spray	946,065 L.L
N04BC05	SIFROL	B	Pramipexole (dihydrochloride monohydrate) - 0.18mg	0.18mg	Tablet	631,606 L.L
N04BC05	PRAMIPEXOLE BIOGARAN	G	Pramipexole (dihydrochloride monohydrate) - 0.18mg	0.18mg	Tablet	440,780 L.L
S01BA15	ILUVIEN	B	Fluocinolone acetonide - 0.19mg	0.19mg	Implant	629,182,630 L.L
G01AF02	CANESTEN	B	Clotrimazole - 0.1g	0.1g	Tablet	408,528 L.L
L02AE04	DECAPEPTYL	B	Triptorelin - 0.1mg	0.1mg	Injectable lyophilised powder for solution+diluent	2,366,507 L.L
L02AE04	GONAPEPTYL	B	Triptorelin acetate - 0.1mg	0.1mg	Injectable solution	4,637,600 L.L
N01AH01	FENTANYL PANPHARMA	G	Fentanyl - 0.1mg/2ml	0.1mg/2ml	Injectable solution	1,101,951 L.L
H01CB02	SANDOSTATIN	B	Octreotide - 0.1mg/ml	0.1mg/ml	Injectable solution	1,038,790 L.L
S01EE03	LUMIGAN	B	Bimatoprost - 0.1mg/ml	0.1mg/ml	Drops solution	740,457 L.L
S01EE03	LUMIGAN	B	Bimatoprost - 0.1mg/ml	0.1mg/ml	Drops solution	740,457 L.L
A03BA01	ATROPINE SULFATEAGUETTANT	G	Atropine - 0.1mg/ml	0.1mg/ml	Injectable solution	7,805,376 L.L
C01CA24	ADRENALINE AGUETTANT	G	Adrenaline - 0.1mg/ml	0.1mg/ml	Injectable solution	13,990,891 L.L