Coronavirus: Invasive/novel

Generalities
Agent	Coronaviruses belong to a large family of viruses that can cause diseases ranging from the common cold to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). 1) Classical coronavirus: viruses that can infect humans and animals. - Human coronavirus (HCoV): causing mild illness (229E, OC43, NL63, and HKU1...) - Animal coronavirus: may infect pigs, domestic and wild birds, bats, rodents, dogs, cats and cattle. They cause acute and chronic diseases in animals such as respiratory and gastro-enteric diseases, neurologic diseases, and liver disease. 2) Novel coronavirus: - Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV) who caused a large outbreak in 2002-2003. - Middle East respiratory syndrome–Novel Coronavirus (MERS-CoV): first identified in 2012 - Novel Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)
Incubation period	- HCoV: 2-4 days - SARS-CoV: 2-10 days (mean; 5 days) - MERS-CoV: 2-14 days - COVID-19: 4-7 days (up to 14 days)
Period of transmissibility	- HCoV: during the active disease - SARS-CoV: from onset to 21 days - MERS-CoV: during illness. The duration of infectivity after resolution of symptoms is unknown. - COVID-19: usually during illness
Reservoir	- HCoV: Humans - SARS-CoV: cave-dwelling bats (genus Rhinolophus), Himalayan masked palm civet (Paguma larvata), other wildlife animals - MERS-CoV: may be camels and bats
Modes of transmission	- HCoV: person-to-person transmission via repiratory droplets, aerosls, fecal oral route, fomites - SARS-CoV: 1) Animal-to-person; 2) Person-to-person: while caring for, or living with a patient; via respiratory secretions, via body fluids; or airborne (aerosolized sewage, mechanical ventilation...) - MERS-CoV: 1) Limited person-to-person transmission: close contact, when providing unprotected care to a patient; 2) Suspected animal-to-person transmission via droplet contact, fomite transmission, food-borne, airbone - COVID-19: 1) Person-to-person: droplets (directly or indirectly), aerosol generating medical procedures, 2) Animal-to-peron
Clinical presentation	- HCoV: usually self-limited illness as upper respiratory infection, otitis media, gastroenteritis. Complications: pneumonia, encephalitis, peritonitis... - SARS-CoV: pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Global case fatality in 2003: 10%. - MERS-CoV: usually, acute lower respiratory infection with or without gastrointestinal symptoms. It may be asymptomatic. The illness may be severe in people with chronic medical conditions. It may evolve to respiratory failure, organ failure (as renal failure), septic shock... Global case fatality: 27%. - COVID-19: usually acute respiratory infection
Resources
Case definition	- MOPH circular no. 35 (2012): SARS-CoV - MOPH circular no. 37 (2014): MERS-CoV - MOPH circular no. 42 (2020): COVID-19
Forms	- General reporting form - Novel Coronavirus reporting form - Laboratory request form - Patient transfert request form - SARS-CoV investigation form - MERS-CoV investigation form
Data	- SARS-CoV: No SARS-CoV was detected in Lebanon in 2003 - MERS-CoV: 2 cases detected and confirmed in 2014 and 2017 - COVID-19: Daily report on COVID-19
Other Resources	- Specimen collection for COVID-19 - Questions and Answers - Presentation: coronavirus, A, E - Presentation: resources, A, E - Presentation: questions and answers, A, E - Presentation: case definition, A, E - Presentation: specimen collection, A, E - Presentation: areas with community transmission, A, E

ATC	Name	B/G	Ingredients	Dosage	Form	Price
D06BA51	SILVEZ PLUS	G	Silver sulfadiazine - , Chlorhexidine -		Cream	349,399 L.L
D06BB03	CIVAR	G	Aciclovir - 5%	5%	Cream	507,972 L.L
D06BB03	CYCLOVEX	G	Aciclovir - 50mg/g	50mg/g	Cream	267,489 L.L
D06BB10	ALDARA	B	Imiquimod - 5%	5%	Cream	6,301,277 L.L
D06BB10	GENIMOD	G	Imiquimod - 5%	5%	Cream	2,268,406 L.L
D06BB10	JEDARA	G	Imiquimod - 5%	5%	Cream	3,850,109 L.L
D06BB53	ACTI-VIR H	G	Aciclovir - 5%, Hydrocortisone acetate - 1%		Cream	833,182 L.L
D07AA02	HYDROCORTISONE ACETATE	G	Hydrocortisone acetate - 1%	1%	Cream	215,015 L.L
D07AB02	LOCOID	B	Hydrocortisone butyrate - 1mg/g	0.1%	Cream	215,015 L.L
D07AB02	LOCOID	B	Hydrocortisone butyrate - 1mg/g	0.1%	Cream	215,015 L.L
N01BB54	EMLA	B	Prilocaine - 25mg/g, Lidocaine - 25mg/g	5%	Cream	1,763,121 L.L
D07AC01	BETNOVATE	B	Betamethasone (valerate) - 0.1%	0.1% w/w	Cream	279,519 L.L
N01BB54	PRILA	G	Prilocaine - 2.5% w/w, Lidocaine - 2.5% w/w		Cream	1,057,604 L.L
D07AC01	BETASONE	G	Betamethasone (valerate) - 1mg/g	1mg/g	Cream	120,306 L.L
M02AA15	CLOFEN	G	Diclofenac sodium (diethylamine) - 10mg/g	1%	Creamagel	210,983 L.L
R01AA07	OTRIVIN	B	Xylometazoline HCl - 0.05%	0.05%	Drops	181,419 L.L
A11A	BEBE-VIT	G	Vitamin A - 1500IU/ml, Vitamin D3 - 400IU/ml, Vitamin E - 5mg/ml, Vitamin C - 40mg/ml, Vitamin B1 - 0.5mg/ml, Vitamin B2 - 0.6mg/ml, Vitamin B6 - 0.6mg/ml, Nicotinamide - 8mg/ml		Drops	287,582 L.L
S01AA12	TOBRACIN	G	Tobramycin - 0.3%	0.3%	Drops	322,522 L.L
S01AA12	TOBRIN	G	Tobramycin - 0.3%	0.3%	Drops	169,324 L.L
S01AA13	FUCITHALMIC VISCOUS	B	Fusidic acid - 10mg/g	1%	Drops	373,588 L.L
S01AA13	OPTIFUCIN VISCOUS	G	Fusidic acid - 1%	1%	Drops	208,296 L.L
B03AA07	PEDIAFER	G	Ferrous (sulfate) - 15mg/ml	15mg/ml	Drops	550,975 L.L
S01AE02	NAFLOX	G	Norfloxacin - 3mg/ml	3mg/ml	Drops	370,901 L.L
B03AB05	ENRICH N	G	Iron trivalent (hydroxide polymaltose complex) - 50mg/ml	50mg/ml	Drops	459,594 L.L
S01AE07	AROX	G	Moxifloxacin (HCl) - 0.5%	0.5%	Drops	423,310 L.L
S01AE07	IMOX	G	Moxifloxacin (HCl) - 0.5%	0.5%	Drops	464,970 L.L
A11CC05	VIDROP	G	Vitamin D3 - 100IU/drop	100IU/drop	Drops	346,711 L.L
S01BC01	INDOCOLLYRE	B	Indometacine - 5mg/5ml	0.1%	Drops	408,528 L.L
S01ED51	EPISOPT	G	Timolol - 5mg, Dorzolamide HCl - 20mg		Drops	575,165 L.L
S01ED51	LOPROSTAN	G	Timolol - 5mg/ml, Latanoprost - 50?g/ml		Drops	768,678 L.L