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Coronavirus: invasive/novel

Generalities
Agent Coronaviruses belong to a large family of viruses that can cause diseases ranging from the common cold to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS).
1) Classical coronavirus: viruses that can infect humans and animals.
- Human coronavirus (HCoV): causing mild illness (229E, OC43, NL63, and HKU1...)
- Animal coronavirus: may infect pigs, domestic and wild birds, bats, rodents, dogs, cats and cattle. They cause acute and chronic diseases in animals such as respiratory and gastro-enteric diseases, neurologic diseases, and liver disease.
2) Novel coronavirus:
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV) who caused a large outbreak in 2002-2003.
- Middle East respiratory syndrome–Novel Coronavirus (MERS-CoV): first identified in 2012
- Novel Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)
Incubation period - HCoV: 2-4 days
- SARS-CoV: 2-10 days (mean; 5 days)
- MERS-CoV: 2-14 days
- COVID-19: 4-7 days (up to 14 days)
Period of transmissibility - HCoV: during the active disease
- SARS-CoV: from onset to 21 days
- MERS-CoV: during illness. The duration of infectivity after resolution of symptoms is unknown.
- COVID-19: usually during illness
Reservoir - HCoV: Humans
- SARS-CoV: cave-dwelling bats (genus Rhinolophus), Himalayan masked palm civet (Paguma larvata), other wildlife animals
- MERS-CoV: may be camels and bats
Modes of transmission - HCoV: person-to-person transmission via repiratory droplets, aerosls, fecal oral route, fomites
- SARS-CoV: 1) Animal-to-person; 2) Person-to-person: while caring for, or living with a patient; via respiratory secretions, via body fluids; or airborne (aerosolized sewage, mechanical ventilation...)
- MERS-CoV: 1) Limited person-to-person transmission: close contact, when providing unprotected care to a patient; 2) Suspected animal-to-person transmission via droplet contact, fomite transmission, food-borne, airbone
- COVID-19: 1) Person-to-person: droplets (directly or indirectly), aerosol generating medical procedures, 2) Animal-to-peron
Clinical presentation - HCoV: usually self-limited illness as upper respiratory infection, otitis media, gastroenteritis. Complications: pneumonia, encephalitis, peritonitis...
- SARS-CoV: pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Global case fatality in 2003: 10%.
- MERS-CoV: usually, acute lower respiratory infection with or without gastrointestinal symptoms. It may be asymptomatic. The illness may be severe in people with chronic medical conditions. It may evolve to respiratory failure, organ failure (as renal failure), septic shock... Global case fatality: 27%.
- COVID-19: usually acute respiratory infection
Resources
Case definition - MOPH circular no. 35 (2012): SARS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 37 (2014): MERS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 42 (2020): COVID-19
Forms - General reporting form
- Novel Coronavirus reporting form
- Laboratory request form
- Patient transfert request form
- SARS-CoV investigation form
- MERS-CoV investigation form
Data - SARS-CoV: No SARS-CoV was detected in Lebanon in 2003
- MERS-CoV: 2 cases detected and confirmed in 2014 and 2017
- COVID-19: Daily report on COVID-19
Other Resources - Specimen collection for COVID-19
- Questions and Answers
- Presentation: coronavirus, A, E
- Presentation: resources, A, E
- Presentation: questions and answers, A, E
- Presentation: case definition, A, E
- Presentation: specimen collection, A, E
- Presentation: areas with community transmission, A, E
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
J01DH51 SYNERGIC G Imipenem - 500mg, Cilastatin - 500mg Injectable powder 1,142,266 L.L
R06AA52 PULMONAL EXPECTORANT G Diphenhydramine HCl - 0.015g/5ml, Ammonium HCl - 0.1g/5ml Syrup 177,899 L.L
V06DD KETOSTERIL B Calcium - 0.05g, Total nitrogen - 36mg, L-Tyrosine - 30mg, L-Histidine - 38mg, L-Tryptophan - 23mg, L-Threonine - 53mg, L-Lysine Monoacetate - 105mg, Alpha Hydroxyanalogue-DL-Methionine, Calcium Salt - 59mg, Alpha Ketoanalogue-Valine,Calcium Salt - 86mg, Alpha Ketoanalogue-Phenylalanine,Calcium Salt - 68mg, Alpha-Ketoanalogue- Leucine,Calcium Salt - 101mg, Alpha-Ketoanalogue-DL-isoleucine,Calcium Salt - 67mg Tablet, film coated 3,950,897 L.L
B05BB02 DEXTROSE 5% & SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% G Sodium chloride - 0.9g/100ml, Dextrose, H2O - 5g/100ml Injectable solution 226,036 L.L
C09DX01 EXFORGE HCT B Valsartan - 160mg, Amlodipine - 10mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 25mg Tablet, film coated 1,417,754 L.L
R06AA52 HISTALIX G Diphenhydramine HCl - 14mg/5ml, Ammonium chloride - 135mg/5ml, Menthol - 1.1mg/5ml Syrup 405,840 L.L
V07AB01 ARWAN WFI G Water for injection - Water for injection, irrigation 399,915 L.L
B05BB02 DEXTROSE 5% SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% INJECTION, USP G Sodium chloride - 0.9%, Glucose - 5% Injectable solution 194,211 L.L
C09DX01 VIOSTAN AM PLUS 160/10/25 G Valsartan - 160mg, Amlodipine - 10mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 25mg Tablet, film coated 1,196,020 L.L
R06AA52 MENTEX G Diphenhydramine HCl - 12.5mg/5ml, Dextrometorphan HBr - 15mg/5ml, Pseudoephedrine HCl - 30mg/5ml Syrup 323,866 L.L
V07AB01 EAU POUR PREPARATION INJ. G Water for injection - Water for injection, irrigation 3,385,139 L.L
B05BB02 DEXTROSE 5% SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% INJECTION, USP G Sodium chloride - 0.9%, Glucose - 5% Injectable solution 180,421 L.L
C09DX01 EXFORGE HCT B Valsartan - 160mg, Amlodipine - 5mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 12.5mg Tablet, film coated 1,333,092 L.L
D06AX BANEOCIN B Neomycin sulfate - 5000IU/g, Bacitracin zinc - 250IU/g Ointment 173,356 L.L
J01DI54 ZERBAXA B Ceftolozane Sulfate - 1g, Tazobactam (sodium) - 0.5g Injectable powder for concentrate for solution 74,780,802 L.L
R06AA59 CARIBAN B Pyridoxine HCl - 10mg, Doxylamine succinate - 10mg Capsule, hard, modified release 1,701,305 L.L
V07AB01 EAU POUR PREPARATION INJECTABLE PROAMP G Water for injection - Water for injection, irrigation 1,240,367 L.L
B05BB02 DEXTROSE 5% SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% INJECTION, USP G Sodium chloride - 0.9%, Glucose - 5% Injectable solution 186,167 L.L
C09DX01 ARBITEN AM PLUS G Valsartan - 160mg, Amlodipine - 5mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 12.5mg Tablet 857,372 L.L
D06AX DERMOTRACIN G Neomycin sulfate - 165.000IU/150ml, Bacitracin - 15.500IU/150ml Powder 737,770 L.L
J01EE01 PAEDIATRIC CO-TRIMOXAZOLE MIXTURE G Trimethoprim - 40mg/5ml, Sulfamethoxazole - 200mg/5ml Suspension 190,698 L.L
V07AB01 EAU POUR PREPARATION INJECTABLE PROAMP G Water for injection - Water for injection, irrigation 1,034,759 L.L
B05BB02 MIXTE SIMPLE (2) G Sodium chloride - 0.9g/100ml, Dextrose, H2O - 5g/100ml Injectable solution 182,720 L.L
C09DX01 LOTEVAN PLUS G Valsartan - 160mg, Amlodipine - 5mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 12.5mg Tablet, film coated 857,372 L.L
J01EE01 BACTRIM FORTE B Trimethoprim - 160mg, Sulfamethoxazole - 800mg Tablet 344,024 L.L
R06AB52 HISTAMED-F G Dexchlorpheniramine - 2mg/5ml, Dexamethasone - 0.25mg/5ml Syrup 712,876 L.L
V07AB01 EAU POUR PREPARATION INJECTABLE PROAMP G Water for injection - Water for injection, irrigation 795,555 L.L
A10BD02 GLUCOVANCE B Metformin HCl - 500mg, Glibenclamide - 2.5mg Tablet, film coated 542,192 L.L
B05BB02 MIXTE SIMPLE (2) G Sodium chloride - 0.9g/100ml, Dextrose, H2O - 5g/100ml Injectable solution 207,894 L.L
C09DX01 VIOSTAN AM PLUS 160/5/12.5 G Valsartan - 160mg, Amlodipine - 5mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 12.5mg Tablet, film coated 1,196,020 L.L
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