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Coronavirus: invasive/novel

Generalities
Agent Coronaviruses belong to a large family of viruses that can cause diseases ranging from the common cold to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS).
1) Classical coronavirus: viruses that can infect humans and animals.
- Human coronavirus (HCoV): causing mild illness (229E, OC43, NL63, and HKU1...)
- Animal coronavirus: may infect pigs, domestic and wild birds, bats, rodents, dogs, cats and cattle. They cause acute and chronic diseases in animals such as respiratory and gastro-enteric diseases, neurologic diseases, and liver disease.
2) Novel coronavirus:
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV) who caused a large outbreak in 2002-2003.
- Middle East respiratory syndrome–Novel Coronavirus (MERS-CoV): first identified in 2012
- Novel Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)
Incubation period - HCoV: 2-4 days
- SARS-CoV: 2-10 days (mean; 5 days)
- MERS-CoV: 2-14 days
- COVID-19: 4-7 days (up to 14 days)
Period of transmissibility - HCoV: during the active disease
- SARS-CoV: from onset to 21 days
- MERS-CoV: during illness. The duration of infectivity after resolution of symptoms is unknown.
- COVID-19: usually during illness
Reservoir - HCoV: Humans
- SARS-CoV: cave-dwelling bats (genus Rhinolophus), Himalayan masked palm civet (Paguma larvata), other wildlife animals
- MERS-CoV: may be camels and bats
Modes of transmission - HCoV: person-to-person transmission via repiratory droplets, aerosls, fecal oral route, fomites
- SARS-CoV: 1) Animal-to-person; 2) Person-to-person: while caring for, or living with a patient; via respiratory secretions, via body fluids; or airborne (aerosolized sewage, mechanical ventilation...)
- MERS-CoV: 1) Limited person-to-person transmission: close contact, when providing unprotected care to a patient; 2) Suspected animal-to-person transmission via droplet contact, fomite transmission, food-borne, airbone
- COVID-19: 1) Person-to-person: droplets (directly or indirectly), aerosol generating medical procedures, 2) Animal-to-peron
Clinical presentation - HCoV: usually self-limited illness as upper respiratory infection, otitis media, gastroenteritis. Complications: pneumonia, encephalitis, peritonitis...
- SARS-CoV: pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Global case fatality in 2003: 10%.
- MERS-CoV: usually, acute lower respiratory infection with or without gastrointestinal symptoms. It may be asymptomatic. The illness may be severe in people with chronic medical conditions. It may evolve to respiratory failure, organ failure (as renal failure), septic shock... Global case fatality: 27%.
- COVID-19: usually acute respiratory infection
Resources
Case definition - MOPH circular no. 35 (2012): SARS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 37 (2014): MERS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 42 (2020): COVID-19
Forms - General reporting form
- Novel Coronavirus reporting form
- Laboratory request form
- Patient transfert request form
- SARS-CoV investigation form
- MERS-CoV investigation form
Data - SARS-CoV: No SARS-CoV was detected in Lebanon in 2003
- MERS-CoV: 2 cases detected and confirmed in 2014 and 2017
- COVID-19: Daily report on COVID-19
Other Resources - Specimen collection for COVID-19
- Questions and Answers
- Presentation: coronavirus, A, E
- Presentation: resources, A, E
- Presentation: questions and answers, A, E
- Presentation: case definition, A, E
- Presentation: specimen collection, A, E
- Presentation: areas with community transmission, A, E
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
V01AA DIATER B Allergen extracts - Spray 26,856,672 L.L
R05D DULSANA WITH CODEINE B Menthol - 0.25mg/5ml, Ammonium chloride - 100mg/5ml, Codeine phosphate - 10mg/5ml, Ephedrine HCl - 4mg/5ml, Carbinoxamine maleate - 2mg/5ml Syrup 273,888 L.L
R05X DULSANA COUGH B Menthol - 0.25mg/5ml, Ammonium chloride - 100mg/5ml, Ephedrine HCl - 4mg/5ml, Carbinoxamine maleate - 2mg/5ml Syrup 223,974 L.L
R05X DULSANA MILD B Menthol - 0.125mg/5ml, Citric acid - 10mg/5ml, Sodium citrate - 20mg/5ml, Ammonium chloride - 50mg/5ml, Ephedrine HCl - 1.8mg/5ml, Carbinoxamine maleate - 1mg/5ml Syrup 216,295 L.L
A12AX DECALCIT B Vitamin D3 - 500IU, Calcium - 600mg Tablet 912,469 L.L
A12AX DECALCIT B Vitamin D3 - 500IU, Calcium - 600mg Tablet 348,055 L.L
A12AX DECALCIT B Vitamin D3 - 750IU, Calcium - 600mg Powder 1,075,074 L.L
A15 DESARROL G Cyproheptadine HCl - 0.2mg/ml, L-Arginine L-Aspartate - 25mg/ml, L-Carnitine - 50mg/ml Solution 1,007,882 L.L
A15A DYNAMOGEN G Arginine Aspartate - 1g/10ml, Glutodine (Cyproheptadine ?-ketoglutarate) - 3mg/10ml Solution 1,019,976 L.L
R06AB54 DRAUDEX G Chlorphenamine maleate - 4mg, Phenylephrine - 5mg Tablet, sugar coated 166,381 L.L
D04AA32 DERMAMINE ITCH STOPPING G Diphenhydramine HCl - 1%, Zinc acetete - 0.1% Cream 560,382 L.L
D05AX52 DAIVOBET B Calcipotriol - 50mcg/g, Betamethasone - 0.5mg/g Gel 2,100,426 L.L
M01AB55 DIFEN FLEX G Diclofenac sodium - 50mg, Pridinol mesylate - 4mg Tablet, film coated 575,165 L.L
M01AB55 DIFEN FLEX G Diclofenac sodium - 75mg, Pridinol mesylate - 2.2mg Injectable solution 1,131,515 L.L
D06AX DERMOTRACIN G Neomycin sulfate - 165.000IU/150ml, Bacitracin - 15.500IU/150ml Powder 737,770 L.L
M01AB55 DIFEN PLUS G Diclofenac potassium - 50mg, Betamethasone - 0.3mg Tablet, coated 503,941 L.L
M01AB55 DIFEN B12 G Diclofenac potassium - 50mg, Betamethasone - 0.3mg, Cyanocobalamin - 5mg Tablet 503,941 L.L
M01AB55 DIOXAFLEX B12 G Diclofenac sodium - 75mg, Betamethasone (sodium phosphate) - 2mg, Hydroxocobalamin sulphate - 10mg Injectable solution 1,104,639 L.L
M01AB55 DIOXAFLEX B12 G Diclofenac sodium - 75mg, Betamethasone (sodium phosphate) - 2mg, Hydroxocobalamin sulphate - 10mg Injectable solution 620,855 L.L
N01BB52 DILOCAIN 2% G Lidocaine HCl - 20mg/1.7ml, Epinephrine (bitartrate) - 0.0125mg/1.7ml Injectable solution 2,768,316 L.L
M01AB55 DIFEN B12 G Diclofenac sodium - 75mg, Prednisolone sodium phosphate - 10.08mg, Hydroxocobalamin acetate - 10.44mg Injectable solution 978,317 L.L
R06AX DELINE CORT G Desloratadine - 5mg/5ml, Betamethasone - 0.25mg/5ml Syrup 693,679 L.L
B05BB02 DEXTROSE 5% & SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% G Sodium chloride - 0.9g/100ml, Dextrose, H2O - 5g/100ml Injectable solution 189,262 L.L
R06AX DESLAMED FORTE G Desloratadine - 1mg/ml, Betamethasone - 0.05mg/ml Syrup 1,009,802 L.L
B05BB02 DEXTROSE 5% & SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% G Sodium chloride - 0.9g/100ml, Dextrose, H2O - 5g/100ml Injectable solution 182,720 L.L
J05AR24 DELSTRIGO B Lamivudine - 300mg, Tenofovir disoproxil - 300mg, Doravirine - 100mg Tablet, film coated 48,879,793 L.L
R06AX DESLAMED FORTE G Desloratadine - 1mg/ml, Betamethasone - 0.05mg/ml Syrup 673,201 L.L
B05BB02 DEXTROSE 5% & SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% G Sodium chloride - 0.9g/100ml, Dextrose, H2O - 5g/100ml Injectable solution 207,894 L.L
J05AR27 DOLUTEGRAVIR/LAMIVUDINE/TENOFOVIR DISOPROXIL FUMARATE G Lamivudine - 300mg, Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate - 300mg, Dolutegravir - 50mg Tablet 54,836,160 L.L
R06AX DESLOCORT G Desloratadine - 1mg/ml, Betamethasone - 0.05mg/ml Syrup 1,009,802 L.L
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