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Coronavirus: invasive/novel

Generalities
Agent Coronaviruses belong to a large family of viruses that can cause diseases ranging from the common cold to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS).
1) Classical coronavirus: viruses that can infect humans and animals.
- Human coronavirus (HCoV): causing mild illness (229E, OC43, NL63, and HKU1...)
- Animal coronavirus: may infect pigs, domestic and wild birds, bats, rodents, dogs, cats and cattle. They cause acute and chronic diseases in animals such as respiratory and gastro-enteric diseases, neurologic diseases, and liver disease.
2) Novel coronavirus:
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV) who caused a large outbreak in 2002-2003.
- Middle East respiratory syndrome–Novel Coronavirus (MERS-CoV): first identified in 2012
- Novel Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)
Incubation period - HCoV: 2-4 days
- SARS-CoV: 2-10 days (mean; 5 days)
- MERS-CoV: 2-14 days
- COVID-19: 4-7 days (up to 14 days)
Period of transmissibility - HCoV: during the active disease
- SARS-CoV: from onset to 21 days
- MERS-CoV: during illness. The duration of infectivity after resolution of symptoms is unknown.
- COVID-19: usually during illness
Reservoir - HCoV: Humans
- SARS-CoV: cave-dwelling bats (genus Rhinolophus), Himalayan masked palm civet (Paguma larvata), other wildlife animals
- MERS-CoV: may be camels and bats
Modes of transmission - HCoV: person-to-person transmission via repiratory droplets, aerosls, fecal oral route, fomites
- SARS-CoV: 1) Animal-to-person; 2) Person-to-person: while caring for, or living with a patient; via respiratory secretions, via body fluids; or airborne (aerosolized sewage, mechanical ventilation...)
- MERS-CoV: 1) Limited person-to-person transmission: close contact, when providing unprotected care to a patient; 2) Suspected animal-to-person transmission via droplet contact, fomite transmission, food-borne, airbone
- COVID-19: 1) Person-to-person: droplets (directly or indirectly), aerosol generating medical procedures, 2) Animal-to-peron
Clinical presentation - HCoV: usually self-limited illness as upper respiratory infection, otitis media, gastroenteritis. Complications: pneumonia, encephalitis, peritonitis...
- SARS-CoV: pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Global case fatality in 2003: 10%.
- MERS-CoV: usually, acute lower respiratory infection with or without gastrointestinal symptoms. It may be asymptomatic. The illness may be severe in people with chronic medical conditions. It may evolve to respiratory failure, organ failure (as renal failure), septic shock... Global case fatality: 27%.
- COVID-19: usually acute respiratory infection
Resources
Case definition - MOPH circular no. 35 (2012): SARS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 37 (2014): MERS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 42 (2020): COVID-19
Forms - General reporting form
- Novel Coronavirus reporting form
- Laboratory request form
- Patient transfert request form
- SARS-CoV investigation form
- MERS-CoV investigation form
Data - SARS-CoV: No SARS-CoV was detected in Lebanon in 2003
- MERS-CoV: 2 cases detected and confirmed in 2014 and 2017
- COVID-19: Daily report on COVID-19
Other Resources - Specimen collection for COVID-19
- Questions and Answers
- Presentation: coronavirus, A, E
- Presentation: resources, A, E
- Presentation: questions and answers, A, E
- Presentation: case definition, A, E
- Presentation: specimen collection, A, E
- Presentation: areas with community transmission, A, E
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
L01AX03 TEMOZOLOMIDE ACCORD G Temozolomide - 5mg 5mg Capsule, hard 1,153,017 L.L
L01AX03 TEMOZOLOMIDE GP PHARM G Temozolomide - 5mg 5mg Capsule, hard 1,153,017 L.L
G04CA52 DUTAMSUVITAE G Tamsulosin HCl - 0.4mg, Dutasteride - 0.5mg Capsule, hard 2,168,962 L.L
D10BA01 ISOSUPRA LIDOSE G Isotretinoin - 16mg 16mg Capsule, hard 1,826,282 L.L
A11CC05 ALTUM G Vitamin D3 - 50,000IU 50,000IU Capsule, hard 712,620 L.L
A11CC05 D-VITAL G Vitamin D3 - 50,000IU 50,000IU Capsule, hard 712,620 L.L
J02AC01 PANZIMOL G Fluconazole - 100mg 100mg Capsule, hard 2,015,764 L.L
C10BA03 PRAVAFEN B Pravastatin sodium - 40mg, Fenofibrate - 160mg Capsule, hard 1,264,556 L.L
J02AC01 FLUORES G Fluconazole - 150mg 150mg Capsule, hard 428,686 L.L
C10BA06 LIPOCOMB B Rosuvastatin (calcium) - 10mg, Ezetimibe - 10mg Capsule, hard 2,701,123 L.L
J02AC01 PANZIMOL G Fluconazole - 150mg 150mg Capsule, hard 428,686 L.L
L04AX04 LENALIDOMIDE SPC G Lenalidomide - 5mg 5mg Capsule, hard 71,647,217 L.L
C10BA06 LIPOCOMB B Rosuvastatin (calcium) - 20mg, Ezetimibe - 10mg Capsule, hard 2,701,123 L.L
L04AX04 LENOMA G Lenalidomide - 5mg 5mg Capsule, hard 68,908,116 L.L
C10BX06 TRINOMIA B Acetylsalicylic acid - 100mg, Atorvastatin - 20mg, Ramipril - 2.5mg Capsule, hard 1,029,383 L.L
C10BX06 TRINOMIA B Acetylsalicylic acid - 100mg, Atorvastatin - 20mg, Ramipril - 5mg Capsule, hard 1,236,335 L.L
C10BX06 TRINOMIA B Acetylsalicylic acid - 100mg, Atorvastatin - 20mg, Ramipril - 10mg Capsule, hard 1,596,485 L.L
L04AX04 LENALIDOMIDE SPC G Lenalidomide - 10mg 10mg Capsule, hard 75,120,146 L.L
L04AX04 LENOMA G Lenalidomide - 10mg 10mg Capsule, hard 14,449,637 L.L
J02AC05 CRESEMBA B Isavuconazonium sulfate - 100mg 100mg Capsule, hard 69,290,804 L.L
L04AX04 LENOMA G Lenalidomide - 15mg 15mg Capsule, hard 15,241,884 L.L
L04AX04 LENALIDOMIDE SPC G Lenalidomide - 25mg 25mg Capsule, hard 87,161,381 L.L
L04AX04 LENOMA G Lenalidomide - 25mg 25mg Capsule, hard 15,343,847 L.L
L04AX06 IMNOVID B Pomalidomide - 2mg 2mg Capsule, hard 407,188,707 L.L
L04AX06 IMNOVID B Pomalidomide - 4mg 4mg Capsule, hard 417,741,356 L.L
L01XG03 NINLARO B Ixazomib - 4mg 4mg Capsule, hard 388,991,058 L.L
L01XG03 NINLARO B Ixazomib - 3mg 3mg Capsule, hard 348,420,676 L.L
L01XG03 NINLARO B Ixazomib - 2.3mg 2.3mg Capsule, hard 272,619,919 L.L
N05AX15 REAGILA G Cariprazine HCl - 1.5mg 1.5mg Capsule, hard 6,394,003 L.L
N05AX15 REAGILA G Cariprazine HCl - 3mg 3mg Capsule, hard 6,394,003 L.L
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