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Coronavirus: invasive/novel

Generalities
Agent Coronaviruses belong to a large family of viruses that can cause diseases ranging from the common cold to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS).
1) Classical coronavirus: viruses that can infect humans and animals.
- Human coronavirus (HCoV): causing mild illness (229E, OC43, NL63, and HKU1...)
- Animal coronavirus: may infect pigs, domestic and wild birds, bats, rodents, dogs, cats and cattle. They cause acute and chronic diseases in animals such as respiratory and gastro-enteric diseases, neurologic diseases, and liver disease.
2) Novel coronavirus:
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV) who caused a large outbreak in 2002-2003.
- Middle East respiratory syndrome–Novel Coronavirus (MERS-CoV): first identified in 2012
- Novel Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)
Incubation period - HCoV: 2-4 days
- SARS-CoV: 2-10 days (mean; 5 days)
- MERS-CoV: 2-14 days
- COVID-19: 4-7 days (up to 14 days)
Period of transmissibility - HCoV: during the active disease
- SARS-CoV: from onset to 21 days
- MERS-CoV: during illness. The duration of infectivity after resolution of symptoms is unknown.
- COVID-19: usually during illness
Reservoir - HCoV: Humans
- SARS-CoV: cave-dwelling bats (genus Rhinolophus), Himalayan masked palm civet (Paguma larvata), other wildlife animals
- MERS-CoV: may be camels and bats
Modes of transmission - HCoV: person-to-person transmission via repiratory droplets, aerosls, fecal oral route, fomites
- SARS-CoV: 1) Animal-to-person; 2) Person-to-person: while caring for, or living with a patient; via respiratory secretions, via body fluids; or airborne (aerosolized sewage, mechanical ventilation...)
- MERS-CoV: 1) Limited person-to-person transmission: close contact, when providing unprotected care to a patient; 2) Suspected animal-to-person transmission via droplet contact, fomite transmission, food-borne, airbone
- COVID-19: 1) Person-to-person: droplets (directly or indirectly), aerosol generating medical procedures, 2) Animal-to-peron
Clinical presentation - HCoV: usually self-limited illness as upper respiratory infection, otitis media, gastroenteritis. Complications: pneumonia, encephalitis, peritonitis...
- SARS-CoV: pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Global case fatality in 2003: 10%.
- MERS-CoV: usually, acute lower respiratory infection with or without gastrointestinal symptoms. It may be asymptomatic. The illness may be severe in people with chronic medical conditions. It may evolve to respiratory failure, organ failure (as renal failure), septic shock... Global case fatality: 27%.
- COVID-19: usually acute respiratory infection
Resources
Case definition - MOPH circular no. 35 (2012): SARS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 37 (2014): MERS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 42 (2020): COVID-19
Forms - General reporting form
- Novel Coronavirus reporting form
- Laboratory request form
- Patient transfert request form
- SARS-CoV investigation form
- MERS-CoV investigation form
Data - SARS-CoV: No SARS-CoV was detected in Lebanon in 2003
- MERS-CoV: 2 cases detected and confirmed in 2014 and 2017
- COVID-19: Daily report on COVID-19
Other Resources - Specimen collection for COVID-19
- Questions and Answers
- Presentation: coronavirus, A, E
- Presentation: resources, A, E
- Presentation: questions and answers, A, E
- Presentation: case definition, A, E
- Presentation: specimen collection, A, E
- Presentation: areas with community transmission, A, E
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
N05AE05 LURABIL G Lurasidone - 80mg 80mg Tablet, film coated 2,535,831 L.L
N06AX26 LYTIOX G Vortioxetine - 5mg 5mg Tablet, film coated 1,270,379 L.L
S01CA01 CO-AVAZIR G Tobramycin - 0.3%, Dexamethasone - 0.1% Drops suspension 193,513 L.L
A04AA01 VOMITRON G Ondansetron - 16mg 16mg Suppository 578,492 L.L
B05BC01 MANNITOL G Mannitol - 10g/100ml 10g/100ml Injectable solution 329,815 L.L
C02CA04 UNIPROST G Doxazosin - 4mg 4mg Tablet 452,875 L.L
C09BB07 RAMIPRIL/AMLODIPINE GENERICON G Ramipril - 5mg, Amlodipine - 5mg Capsule, hard 1,358,625 L.L
C10AA05 JOSWE ATORVAST 20 G Atorvastatin - 20mg 20mg Caplet, film coated 956,816 L.L
G04BE08 POTENZA G Tadalafil - 20mg 20mg Tablet, film coated 2,051,729 L.L
J01CR05 PIPTAZ-ORBUCELL G Piperacillin (sodium) - 4g, Tazobactam (sodium) - 0.5g Injectable powder for solution 1,087,873 L.L
J01MA12 LEVOFLOXACIN NORMON G Levofloxacin - 500mg/100ml 5mg/ml Injectable solution 27,147,388 L.L
J07BD52 MEASLES, MUMPS AND RUBELLA VACCINE LIVE ATTENUATED (FREEZE-DRIED) MMR G Rubella virus live attenuated - ?1000CCID50 /0.5ml, Mumps virus live attenuated - ?5000CCID50 /0.5ml, Measles virus live attenuated - ?1000CCID50 /0.5ml Injectable freeze dried powder + diluent 739,113 L.L
L04AA31 TERAGIO G Teriflunomide - 14mg 14mg Tablet 23,076,914 L.L
M01AH05 COXIFLAM G Etoricoxib - 60mg 60mg Tablet, film coated 1,109,630 L.L
N02BE01 SULDEX A G Paracetamol - 600mg 600mg Suppository 200,936 L.L
N05AE05 LAROZA G Lurasidone - 80mg 80mg Tablet, film coated 5,548,726 L.L
A04AA01 VOMITRON G Ondansetron - 16mg 16mg Suppository 304,604 L.L
B05BC01 MANNITOL G Mannitol - 10g/100ml 10g/100ml Injectable solution 494,147 L.L
C02CA06 TACHYBEN G Urapidil - 25mg/5ml 25mg/5ml Injectable solution 1,439,255 L.L
C09BB07 RAMIPRIL/AMLODIPINE GENERICON G Ramipril - 10mg, Amlodipine - 5mg Capsule, hard 1,358,625 L.L
C10AA05 ATORVA TAD G Atorvastatin - 20mg 20mg Tablet, film coated 1,087,169 L.L
D07CC01 TOPIZONE G Fusidic acid - 20mg/g, Betamethasone (valerate) - 1mg/g Cream 216,359 L.L
G04BE08 VIVIDA 20 G Tadalafil - 20mg 20mg Tablet, film coated 1,721,398 L.L
J01CR05 YANOVEN G Piperacillin (sodium) - 4g, Tazobactam (sodium) - 0.5g Injectable powder for solution 10,860,623 L.L
J01MA12 LEVOFLOX-MEDIS 500 G Levofloxacin - 500mg/100ml 500mg/100ml Injectable solution 1,834,345 L.L
N02BE01 ADOL G Paracetamol - 125mg 125mg Suppository 107,507 L.L
N05AE05 LAROZA G Lurasidone - 120mg 120mg Tablet, film coated 5,548,726 L.L
N06AX26 LYTIOX G Vortioxetine - 10mg 10mg Tablet, film coated 2,064,142 L.L
S01CA01 API-TOBRASON G Dexamethasone - 1mg/g, Tobramycin - 3mg/g Ointment 243,235 L.L
B05BC01 MANNITOL 10% USP INJECTION G Mannitol - 10% 10% Injectable solution 430,943 L.L
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