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Coronavirus: invasive/novel

Generalities
Agent Coronaviruses belong to a large family of viruses that can cause diseases ranging from the common cold to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS).
1) Classical coronavirus: viruses that can infect humans and animals.
- Human coronavirus (HCoV): causing mild illness (229E, OC43, NL63, and HKU1...)
- Animal coronavirus: may infect pigs, domestic and wild birds, bats, rodents, dogs, cats and cattle. They cause acute and chronic diseases in animals such as respiratory and gastro-enteric diseases, neurologic diseases, and liver disease.
2) Novel coronavirus:
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV) who caused a large outbreak in 2002-2003.
- Middle East respiratory syndrome–Novel Coronavirus (MERS-CoV): first identified in 2012
- Novel Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)
Incubation period - HCoV: 2-4 days
- SARS-CoV: 2-10 days (mean; 5 days)
- MERS-CoV: 2-14 days
- COVID-19: 4-7 days (up to 14 days)
Period of transmissibility - HCoV: during the active disease
- SARS-CoV: from onset to 21 days
- MERS-CoV: during illness. The duration of infectivity after resolution of symptoms is unknown.
- COVID-19: usually during illness
Reservoir - HCoV: Humans
- SARS-CoV: cave-dwelling bats (genus Rhinolophus), Himalayan masked palm civet (Paguma larvata), other wildlife animals
- MERS-CoV: may be camels and bats
Modes of transmission - HCoV: person-to-person transmission via repiratory droplets, aerosls, fecal oral route, fomites
- SARS-CoV: 1) Animal-to-person; 2) Person-to-person: while caring for, or living with a patient; via respiratory secretions, via body fluids; or airborne (aerosolized sewage, mechanical ventilation...)
- MERS-CoV: 1) Limited person-to-person transmission: close contact, when providing unprotected care to a patient; 2) Suspected animal-to-person transmission via droplet contact, fomite transmission, food-borne, airbone
- COVID-19: 1) Person-to-person: droplets (directly or indirectly), aerosol generating medical procedures, 2) Animal-to-peron
Clinical presentation - HCoV: usually self-limited illness as upper respiratory infection, otitis media, gastroenteritis. Complications: pneumonia, encephalitis, peritonitis...
- SARS-CoV: pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Global case fatality in 2003: 10%.
- MERS-CoV: usually, acute lower respiratory infection with or without gastrointestinal symptoms. It may be asymptomatic. The illness may be severe in people with chronic medical conditions. It may evolve to respiratory failure, organ failure (as renal failure), septic shock... Global case fatality: 27%.
- COVID-19: usually acute respiratory infection
Resources
Case definition - MOPH circular no. 35 (2012): SARS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 37 (2014): MERS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 42 (2020): COVID-19
Forms - General reporting form
- Novel Coronavirus reporting form
- Laboratory request form
- Patient transfert request form
- SARS-CoV investigation form
- MERS-CoV investigation form
Data - SARS-CoV: No SARS-CoV was detected in Lebanon in 2003
- MERS-CoV: 2 cases detected and confirmed in 2014 and 2017
- COVID-19: Daily report on COVID-19
Other Resources - Specimen collection for COVID-19
- Questions and Answers
- Presentation: coronavirus, A, E
- Presentation: resources, A, E
- Presentation: questions and answers, A, E
- Presentation: case definition, A, E
- Presentation: specimen collection, A, E
- Presentation: areas with community transmission, A, E
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
C09DA06 BLOPRESS PLUS 8MG B Candesartan cilexetil - 8mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 12.5mg Tablet 1,060,292 L.L
R06AA52 HISTALIX G Diphenhydramine HCl - 14mg/5ml, Ammonium chloride - 135mg/5ml, Menthol - 1.1mg/5ml Syrup 405,840 L.L
V07AB01 WATER FOR INJECTION/ DEMO G Water for injection - Water for injection, irrigation 1,339,811 L.L
A11DB MED-PRINCO-B FORT G Vitamin B12 - 200mcg, Vitamin B6 - 200mg, Vitamin B1 - 100mg Tablet, coated 386,515 L.L
C09DA06 CANDESARTAN / HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE BIOGARAN G Candesartan cilexetil - 8mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 12.5mg Tablet 327,898 L.L
R06AA52 MENTEX G Diphenhydramine HCl - 12.5mg/5ml, Dextrometorphan HBr - 15mg/5ml, Pseudoephedrine HCl - 30mg/5ml Syrup 233,829 L.L
V07AB01 WATER FOR INJECTION/ DEMO G Water for injection - Water for injection, irrigation 1,103,295 L.L
A11DB NEUROMED G Vitamin B12 - 200mcg, Vitamin B6 - 200mg, Vitamin B1 - 100mg Tablet, coated 257,250 L.L
C09DA07 MICARDIS PLUS B Telmisartan - 80mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 12.5mg Tablet 1,101,951 L.L
R06AA59 CARIBAN B Pyridoxine HCl - 10mg, Doxylamine succinate - 10mg Capsule, hard, modified release 1,701,305 L.L
V07AB01 STERILE WATER FOR INJECTION G Water for Injection - Water for injection, irrigation 188,772 L.L
A11DB NEURORUBINE-FORTE G Vitamin B12 - 1mg, Vitamin B6 - 50mg, Vitamin B1 - 200mg Tablet, film coated 262,049 L.L
C09DA07 TELMICARD 80 PLUS G Telmisartan - 80mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 12.5mg Tablet 954,768 L.L
M09AX NUCLEO C.M.P. FORTE G UTP+UDP+UMP - 3mg, CMP - 5mg Capsule 448,843 L.L
V07AB01 STERILE WATER FOR INJECTION G Water for Injection - Water for injection, irrigation 203,481 L.L
A11DB TRILAGAVIT G Vitamin B12 - 1mg, Vitamin B6 - 100mg, Vitamin B1 - 200mg Tablet, film coated 399,121 L.L
C07AB07/C09CA CONCOR T 2.5 B Bisoprolol fumarate - 2.5mg, Telmisartan - 40mg Tablet 1,059,220 L.L
C09DA08 VOTUM PLUS B Olmesartan medoxomil - 40mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 25mg Tablet, film coated 933,971 L.L
R06AB52 HISTAMED-F G Dexchlorpheniramine - 2mg/5ml, Dexamethasone - 0.25mg/5ml Syrup 712,876 L.L
V07AB01 STERILE WATER FOR IRRIGATION G Water for Irrigation - Water for injection, irrigation 203,481 L.L
A11DB 3V G Vitamin B12 - 1mg/3ml, Vitamin B6 - 100mg/3ml, Vitamin B1 - 100mg/3ml Injectable solution 198,889 L.L
C07AB07/C09CA CONCOR T 5 B Bisoprolol fumarate - 5mg, Telmisartan - 40mg Tablet 1,327,429 L.L
C09DA08 OLMENOR PLUS G Olmesartan medoxomil - 40mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 25mg Tablet, film coated 653,107 L.L
N01AB06 ISOFLURANE HIKMA G Isoflurane - Volatil liquid 1,583,046 L.L
R06AB52 HISTAMED-F G Dexchlorpheniramine maleate - 2mg, Dexamethasone - 0.25mg, Fluphenazine HCl - 0.25mg Tablet, coated 579,772 L.L
V07AB01 WATER FOR INJECTION G Water for Injection - Water for injection, irrigation 2,706,319 L.L
A11DB TRILAGAVIT G Vitamin B12 - 1mg/3ml, Vitamin B6 - 100mg/3ml, Vitamin B1 - 100mg/3ml Injectable solution 579,196 L.L
C07AB07/C09CA CONCOR T 2.5 B Bisoprolol fumarate - 2.5mg, Telmisartan - 40mg Tablet 2,012,246 L.L
C09DA08 VOTUM PLUS B Olmesartan medoxomil - 40mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 12.5mg Tablet, film coated 933,971 L.L
N01AB07 SUPRANE (DESFLURANE, USP) B Desflurane - Inhalation 9,371,654 L.L
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