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Coronavirus: invasive/novel

Generalities
Agent Coronaviruses belong to a large family of viruses that can cause diseases ranging from the common cold to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS).
1) Classical coronavirus: viruses that can infect humans and animals.
- Human coronavirus (HCoV): causing mild illness (229E, OC43, NL63, and HKU1...)
- Animal coronavirus: may infect pigs, domestic and wild birds, bats, rodents, dogs, cats and cattle. They cause acute and chronic diseases in animals such as respiratory and gastro-enteric diseases, neurologic diseases, and liver disease.
2) Novel coronavirus:
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV) who caused a large outbreak in 2002-2003.
- Middle East respiratory syndrome–Novel Coronavirus (MERS-CoV): first identified in 2012
- Novel Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)
Incubation period - HCoV: 2-4 days
- SARS-CoV: 2-10 days (mean; 5 days)
- MERS-CoV: 2-14 days
- COVID-19: 4-7 days (up to 14 days)
Period of transmissibility - HCoV: during the active disease
- SARS-CoV: from onset to 21 days
- MERS-CoV: during illness. The duration of infectivity after resolution of symptoms is unknown.
- COVID-19: usually during illness
Reservoir - HCoV: Humans
- SARS-CoV: cave-dwelling bats (genus Rhinolophus), Himalayan masked palm civet (Paguma larvata), other wildlife animals
- MERS-CoV: may be camels and bats
Modes of transmission - HCoV: person-to-person transmission via repiratory droplets, aerosls, fecal oral route, fomites
- SARS-CoV: 1) Animal-to-person; 2) Person-to-person: while caring for, or living with a patient; via respiratory secretions, via body fluids; or airborne (aerosolized sewage, mechanical ventilation...)
- MERS-CoV: 1) Limited person-to-person transmission: close contact, when providing unprotected care to a patient; 2) Suspected animal-to-person transmission via droplet contact, fomite transmission, food-borne, airbone
- COVID-19: 1) Person-to-person: droplets (directly or indirectly), aerosol generating medical procedures, 2) Animal-to-peron
Clinical presentation - HCoV: usually self-limited illness as upper respiratory infection, otitis media, gastroenteritis. Complications: pneumonia, encephalitis, peritonitis...
- SARS-CoV: pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Global case fatality in 2003: 10%.
- MERS-CoV: usually, acute lower respiratory infection with or without gastrointestinal symptoms. It may be asymptomatic. The illness may be severe in people with chronic medical conditions. It may evolve to respiratory failure, organ failure (as renal failure), septic shock... Global case fatality: 27%.
- COVID-19: usually acute respiratory infection
Resources
Case definition - MOPH circular no. 35 (2012): SARS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 37 (2014): MERS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 42 (2020): COVID-19
Forms - General reporting form
- Novel Coronavirus reporting form
- Laboratory request form
- Patient transfert request form
- SARS-CoV investigation form
- MERS-CoV investigation form
Data - SARS-CoV: No SARS-CoV was detected in Lebanon in 2003
- MERS-CoV: 2 cases detected and confirmed in 2014 and 2017
- COVID-19: Daily report on COVID-19
Other Resources - Specimen collection for COVID-19
- Questions and Answers
- Presentation: coronavirus, A, E
- Presentation: resources, A, E
- Presentation: questions and answers, A, E
- Presentation: case definition, A, E
- Presentation: specimen collection, A, E
- Presentation: areas with community transmission, A, E
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
J01AA08 VULGA XR G Minocycline - 80mg 80mg Tablet, film coated 2,832,820 L.L
D05AA VASELINE ICHTYOLEE G Ichthyamol - 10% 10% Ointment 103,668 L.L
J01AA08 VULGA XR G Minocycline - 55mg 55mg Tablet, film coated 1,983,512 L.L
L02BG03 VICTEVE G Anastrozole - 1mg 1mg Tablet, film coated 1,181,238 L.L
C09DX01 VIOSTAN AM PLUS 160/5/25 G Valsartan - 160mg, Amlodipine - 5mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 25mg Tablet, film coated 1,196,020 L.L
J05AR06 VITRICOMB G Emtricitabine - 200mg, Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate - 300mg, Efavirenz - 600mg Tablet, film coated 22,191,783 L.L
C09DX01 VIOSTAN AM PLUS 160/10/12.5 G Valsartan - 160mg, Amlodipine - 10mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 12.5mg Tablet, film coated 1,196,020 L.L
C09DX01 VIOSTAN AM PLUS 160/10/25 G Valsartan - 160mg, Amlodipine - 10mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 25mg Tablet, film coated 1,196,020 L.L
C09DX01 VIOSTAN AM PLUS 160/5/12.5 G Valsartan - 160mg, Amlodipine - 5mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 12.5mg Tablet, film coated 1,196,020 L.L
C09DX01 VIOSTAN AM PLUS 320/10/25 G Valsartan - 320mg, Amlodipine - 10mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 25mg Tablet, film coated 1,881,380 L.L
C10AA01 VASCOR G Simvastatin - 10mg 10mg Tablet, scored 284,127 L.L
J01CR02 VAAMOX IV G Amoxicillin - 1g, Clavulanic Acid - 200mg Injectable powder 225,766 L.L
A03FA01 VOMICARE INJECTION BP IM/IV G Metoclopramide - 10mg/2ml 10mg/2ml Injectable solution 247,267 L.L
J01CR02 VAAMOX IV G Amoxicillin - 1g, Clavulanic Acid - 200mg Injectable powder 2,150,148 L.L
C10AA01 VASCOR G Simvastatin - 20mg 20mg Tablet, scored 284,127 L.L
C10AA01 VASCOR G Simvastatin - 40mg 40mg Tablet, scored 284,127 L.L
N06AX16 VENLAFAXINE ARROW GENERIQUES LP G Venlafaxine - 75mg 75mg Tablet, prolonged release 1,075,074 L.L
N06AX16 VENLAFAXINE BIOGARAN LP G Venlafaxine HCl - 75mg 75mg Capsule, prolonged release 584,571 L.L
G04BE03 VIGORAM G Sildenafil citrate - 50mg 50mg Tablet 330,585 L.L
G04BE03 VONTA G Sildenafil citrate - 50mg 50mg Tablet, film coated 335,961 L.L
N06AX16 VENLAX XR 75 G Venlafaxine HCl - 75mg 75mg Capsule, extended release 895,895 L.L
G04BE03 VONTA G Sildenafil citrate - 50mg 50mg Tablet, film coated 90,037 L.L
S01AE07 VIGAMOX G Moxifloxacin (HCl) - 5mg/ml 5mg/ml Drops solution 670,577 L.L
N06AX16 VENLAX XR 75 G Venlafaxine HCl - 75mg 75mg Capsule, extended release 1,343,843 L.L
G04BE03 VIGOR-50 G Sildenafil (citrate) - 50mg 50mg Tablet, film coated 332,761 L.L
N06AX16 VENLAFAXINE ARROW GENERIQUES LP G Venlafaxine - 150mg 150mg Tablet, prolonged release 987,724 L.L
G04BE03 VIRECTA G Sildenafil - 100mg 100mg Tablet, film coated 584,571 L.L
N06AX16 VENLAX XR 150 G Venlafaxine HCl - 150mg 150mg Capsule, extended release 944,529 L.L
A10BD08 VLUDIN MET G Metformin HCl - 1000mg, Vildagliptin - 50mg Tablet, film coated 735,914 L.L
N06AX16 VENLAX XR 150 G Venlafaxine HCl - 150mg 150mg Capsule, extended release 1,416,794 L.L
    ...
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